religion 205 buddhist and chinese traditions

Buddha

one who has achieved a state of perfect enlightenment, "one who awakens"

Dharma

the sum teachings of the Buddha about how we view the world and how to live properly

Sangha

The Buddhist community of monks and nuns; one of the Three Jewels of Buddhism.

Dukkha (Buddhism)

suffering

Nirvana

a state of perfect peace, the ultimate goal

Anatman

The principle that there is no eternal self

Almsgiving

The act of giving money or material goods to anyone who is needy

Arhat

One who has become enlightened; the ideal type for Theravada Buddhism. Reached Nirvana

Three Bhudda Bodies

Include Early Manifestation, Heavenly Bodies, Absolute Essence.

Early manifestations

Transformation Body

Heavenly Bodies

Body of Bliss

Absolute Essence

Body of Reality

Bodhisattiva

a person who is able to reach nirvana but delays doing so out of compassion in order to help others.

Mantra

A sacred sound or syllable, spiritual blessing when spoken or chanted properly.

Prayer wheel

In Buddhism a cylinder with prayers on the outside of the wheel. Metal.

Mandala

a geometric figure representing the universe in Hindu and Buddhist symbolism.

The Tibetan Book of the Dead

a book that is read out loud to the dying to helming them achieve liberation during the three stages of the bardo state.

First Stage of bardo state.

Loss of consciousness, enters into darkness

Second Stage of Bardo State

Some consciousness is regained

Third Stage of Bardo State

Individuals Karma is judged and rebirth is determined.

Sanjiao

"Three Teachings"; Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism

Junzi

"Noble person"; the refined human ideal of Confucianism

Ren

An attitude of kindness and benevolence or a sense of humanity for Confucianism.

li

Called for individuals to behave in conventionally appropriate fashion in Confucianism.

Ren + Li

Solution to the problem of social order, human relationship guided by this

Dao

The way

Wu- Wei

"No action," "no strain," "effortlessness"; doing only what comes spontaneously and naturally.

Koan

a paradoxical anecdote or riddle

King Ashoka

The King who sent out missionaries to expand Buddhism.

Avalokiteshvara/Guanyin

Bodhisattva of compassion (male, female)

Amitabha

Buddha of the Pure Land

Dalai Lama

The spiritual leader of Vajrayana (Tibetan) Buddhism, believed to be an incarnation of the bodhisattva Avalokiteshvara.

Confucius

Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BC) founder of Confucianism

Laozi

Founder of Daoism

Bodhi Dharma

Spent 9 years in silent meditation facing a cave wall. First head of radical path.

Mao Zedong

Chinese communist leader

Siddhartha Gautama

Founder of Buddhism

Timeline of the life of Siddhartha Gautama

Took Bodhisativa vow after encountering a former Budda in early life, Kept away from suffering, 4 Sights during a Chariot ride through park, Left the palace and becomes a wondering student, learns yoga and becomes ascetic, previous lives, travels back to the city and resumes eating, drinking, sleeping, choose a spot under a pipal tree and vows to meditate until reached nirvana, lord of death tries to take em, Meditates to become more conscious, more aware and more mindful, becomes buddha, reached the state of Nirvana, dies at the age of 80.

The Four Sights (Buddhism)

A Dead Body, An Aged Person, A Diseased Person, and An Ascetic Monk

Grand Departure

Flees palace and becomes a wandering student, learns yoga and becomes self disciplined.

Siddhartha Enlightenment

Becomes convinced that asceticism cannot produce enlightenment, travels to Bodh Gaya, resumes eating, drinking, sleeping, needs a method.

Three Characteristics of Existence

Impermanence, suffering, and no self

The Four Noble Truths

1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is from excessive desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is when desire ceases. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path

The Eightfold Path

In Buddhism, the basic rules of behavior and belief leading to an end of suffering. Includes 1)Right Understanding 2)Right thought/intention 3)Right Speech 4)Right Conduct 5)Right Livelihood 6) Right Effort 7) Right mindfulness 8) Right Meditation

Early Daoists

Problem: Human problem of lifelessness Solution: Merge with Dao and thereby flourish. HUMANS AS NATURAL BEINGS.

Early Confucian

Problem: Social Disorder Solution: human relationships guided by Res and Li. HUMANS AS SOCIAL BEINGS. Ultimate goal: harmonious society through careful cultivation and correct relationships.

Theravada Buddhism

"Way of the Elders" branch of Buddhism followed in Sri Lanka and much of Southeast Asia. Theravada remains close to the original principles set forth by the Buddha; it downplays the importance of gods and emphasizes austerity and the individual's search for enlightenment.

Mahayana Buddhism

"Great Vehicle" branch of Buddhism followed in China, Japan, and Central Asia. The focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment.

Vajrayana Buddhism

Literally "Diamond Vehicle," it is the prominent branch of Buddhism in Tibet. The body and all its energies could be used to reach enlightenment. The divine buddha nature expresses itself in a large number of female and male god/goddess.

Influences of Daoism on the formation of Zen Buddhism?

The way of human life is through nature, and the way to get to full enlightenment is through being your innerself.

Influences of Buddhism on the development of Daoism?

Became more structured after seeing how popular Buddhism became. They found a god, temples, the way they dressed, just about everything changed so that it can be more structured and not just go with the flow.

Identify the approach to religion during China's cultural Revolution?

No religion.

Example of ongoing tensions between the government and religious groups?

Although legally you can be five different religions in China, your ultimately not free.