Section A - question 2

signs

Visual/symbolic elements conveying info or direction (e.g., stop sign). Practical & instructional.

Icons

Graphic symbols representing objects, actions, or ideas (e.g., Snapchat ghost).

symbols

Marks/images representing abstract ideas or cultural concepts.

pictograms

Simplified, universally recognizable graphics (e.g., bathroom icons).

Metaphor

One thing represents another to convey complex ideas (e.g., GM food = poison).

Personal Identity

Visual expression of individual values, style, or branding.

allegory

Extended metaphor; objects/characters symbolize moral, social, or political ideas.

Stereotypes

Oversimplified assumptions; must be used carefully to avoid bias.

Propaganda

Deliberate persuasion using visuals/text to influence opinion.

Bias

Prejudice affecting communication and interpretation.

Irony

Contrast between expectation & reality; creates humor or critique.

Parody

Humorous imitation of a style or work for critique or satire.