AP Chem Chapter 9 Terms Test (11th Unit)

hybridization

mixing of different types of atomic orbitals to produce a set of equivalent hybrid orbitals

trigonal bipyramidal

5 bonding domains, 0 nonbonding

diamagnetism

type of magnetism that causes a substance with no unpaired electrons to be weakly repelled from a magnetic field

bent

2 bonding domains, 1 or 2 nonbonding

angstrom

unit of metric measurement equal to 1x10-10m, often used to measure atomic distance, Å

tetrahedral

4 bonding domains, 0 nonbonding

molecular orbital theory

theory that accounts for the allowed states for electrons in molecules

square pyramidal

5 bonding domains, 1 nonbonding

VSEPR theory

a model that accounts for the geometric arrangements of shared and unshared electron pairs around a central atom in terms of the repulsions between electron pairs

T-shaped

3 bonding domains, 2 nonbonding

bonding molecular orbital

molecular orbital in which electron density s concentrated in the internuclear region, σ and π

square planar

4 bonding domains, 2 nonbonding

equatorial bond

three electron domains that come off an atom with five total domains with a bond angle of 120°

trigonal pyramidal

3 bonding domains, 1 nonbonding

bond order equation

(1⁄2)(MO-MO*)

molecular orbital diagram

diagram that shows the energies of molecular orbitals relative to the atomic orbitals from which they are derived

bonding pair

pair of electrons that are shared by two atoms

pi bond

covalent bond in which electron density is concentrated above and below the line joining the bonded atoms, π bond

valence-bond theory

model of chemical bonding in which an electron-pair bond is formed between two atoms by the overlap of orbitals on the two atoms

trigonal planar

3 bonding domains, 0 nonbonding

molecular orbital

an allowed state for an electron in a molecule, MO

paramagnetism

property a substance possesses if it contains one or more unpaired electron, will be drawn into a magnetic field

nonbonding pair

pair of electrons assigned completely to one atom; also called a lone pair

sigma bond

covalent bond in which electron density is concentrated along the internuclear axis, σ bond

octahedral

6 bonding domains, 0 nonbonding

electron domain

regions around a central atom where electrons are likely to be found

bond order

half the difference of the number of electrons in bonding orbitals and the number of electrons in nonbonding orbitals

seesaw

4 bonding domains, 1 nonbonding

antibonding molecular orbital

molecular orbital in which electron density is concentrated outside the region between the two nuclei of bonded atoms, σ* and π*

axial bond

two electron domains that come off an atom with five total domains with a bond angle of 180°

linear

2 bonding domains, 0 or 3 nonbonding

hybrid orbital

orbital that results from the mixing of different kinds of atomic orbitals in the same atom