Behavioral Science Data Collection Instruments

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to data collection instruments in behavioral science, providing definitions and explanations that help enhance understanding.

Apparatus

Instruments like video recording, heart rate monitors designed for specific scientific research purposes.

Interviewer Bias

The potential influence of an interviewer's personal judgment on the registration of responses during an interview.

Questionnaire

A set of fixed questions used to collect data from a larger group of people, often referred to as a survey.

Sampling Bias

Distortion in the representativeness of a sample arising from selection processes that exclude certain members of the population.

Probability Sample

A sample selected using random methods that gives each unit in the population a known chance of being included.

Non-Probability Sample

A sample not selected through random methods, leading to some units being more likely to be selected than others.

Extraneous Variable

Any variable not controlled for that may affect the dependent variable in a study.

Causal Relations

The conditions necessary to establish a cause-effect relationship, including covariation, antecedence, and ruling out alternatives.

Reliability

The consistency of a research instrument, indicating that it produces stable and consistent results over time.

External Validity

The extent to which research findings can be generalized to real-world settings.

Sampling Frame

The list of all units in the population from which a sample is drawn.

Representative Sample

A sample that accurately reflects the characteristics of the population from which it is drawn.

Self-Observation

When the observer is also the person being observed, often leading to insights into behavior.

Test and Scales

Instruments measuring various psychological variables, distinguishing between relative (tests) and absolute (scales) interpretations.

Cluster Sampling

A technique that involves sampling groups or clusters rather than individuals from a larger population.

Stratified Random Sampling

A method that ensures different subgroups within a population are represented proportionally in the sample.