Biology 1406 final exam practice questions

What is not a part of the Cell Theory

The molecules within a cell are alive

the process that converts DNA to mRNA

Transcription

The process that converts mRNA to protein

Translation

The four cells produced in meiosis will have a

n number of chromosomes and will differ genetically from each other

what are the reactants of photosynthesis

Carbon Dioxide, water and sunlight

which scientists influenced Darwin by his study of human population growth and the resulting struggle for resources?

Thomas Malthus

Mitosis involves separation of only sister chromatids while meiosis involves?

separation of homologous chromosomes as well as sister chromatids

Long radishes crossed with round radishes result in all oval radishes this type of inheritance is

incomplete dominance

in relation to natural selection evolution is the

outcome

polymers are separated into monomers by

hydrolysis

in the Hardy-Weinberg equation, the term 2pq represents the frequency of

Heterzygotes

An extra finger in humans is rare but is due to a dominant gene. when one parent is normal and the other parent has an extra finger but is heterozygous for the trait, what is the probability that the first child will be normal?

50%

The study of geographical distribution of extinct and modern species is

biogeography

which of the following would cause the Hardy-Weinberg principle to be inaccurate

natural selection present

True or False

During mitosis, homologous chromosomes pair up and separate

False

During the 1920s to the 1940s biologists combined Mendelian genetics with the Darwin theory to form a unified explanation of evolution that is referred to as

The modern synthesis

True or False

After walking outside barefoot multiple times, Johnny developed callus on his feet. This is an example of evolution

False

Which of the following is the correct sequences of steps in mitosis

Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase

Two species have homologous structures. what can we infer?

The species are related by a common ancestry

Radioisotope dating is a measure of

measuring the approximate age of fossils

True or False

a population that is in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is said to be evolving by means of natural selection

False

the movement of new genes into a population as a result of migration or hybridization is called

Gene flow

Which example best illustrates homoplasy

bird wings and insect wings

According to base pairing rules A pairs to ___ and C pairs to ____

T;G

Who is responsible for the first concept regarding the passing on traits or characteristics that were acquired during the lifetime of and organism to its offspring

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

In ___________, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Metaphase I

Which scientists experimented with pea plants and determined that inheritance was "particulate" rather than "blended"

Gregor Mendel

Which of the following is not a condition necessary for natural selection?

Underproduction

Atoms are the building blocks for

molecules

Similar features with different functions that evolved from a common ancestor are said to be

homologous structures

following Darwins observations he still did not understand how traits were inherited and why individuals vary within a population. These questions were answered by?

Gregor Mendel

Which statement most accurately represents what population genetics refer to as "fitness"

Fitness is a measure of contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation

What is the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids called?

crossing over

The process in which individuals with certain advantageous inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than others

Natural selection

Proteins are linked by ________ bonds

Peptide

Which scientist suggested the Earth has changed over time due to geologic processes; noted Earth was very old

Charles Lyell

Using the Hardy-Weinberg Equation, p2 represents the frequency of

Dominant Homozygotes

The fact that most human babies weigh around 7 pounds is reflective of

stabilizing selection

During __________, sister chromatids separate and move towards the poles

Anaphase II

Of the alternatives provided below, the smallest unit that has all of the characteristics of life is the

cell

The three major domains of life are

archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotes

Organisms are composed of molecules, which are collections of smaller units, called

atoms

The four most common elements in living organisms are

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N)

Organic compounds

always contain carbon

Which of the following organisms do not have a nucleus?

E. coli

__________ are polymers containing up to 20 different kinds of naturally occurring amino acids.

proteins

Which organelle is the storage site for the genetic information that directs all of the activities of the cell?

nucleus

The endosymbiotic theory is supported by the finding of non-nuclear DNA in which of the following organelles?

mitochondria and chloroplasts

Photosynthesis occurs within the _______________ of plant or algae cells.

chloroplasts

What is the energy currency for the cell?

ATP

When the reaction C6H12O6 + 6O2 à 6 CO2 + 6 H2O occurs in living cells that reaction is known as

aerobic respiration.

The correct order for the reactions of aerobic respiration is

glycolysis, acetyl CoA formation, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain

What are the products of photosynthesis?

oxygen and glucose

One of the products of photosynthesis is glucose. What other cellular process will utilize this product?

cellular respiration

A cell that contains eight chromosomes and is undergoing meiosis will produce ____ daughter cell(s) (a.k.a gametes); each daughter cell will contain ____ chromosomes.

four:four

If the haploid number for an organism is 80, the number of chromosomes in each gamete will be

80

A woman who can roll her tongue (presumably dominant) is married to a man who cannot. Two of their four children can roll their tongues and two cannot. If A = roll tongue and a = cannot roll tongue, then what is the genotype of the parents?

woman Aa; man aa

If you had two guinea pigs of opposite sex, both homozygous, one black and one brown, but you didn't know which was the dominant characteristic, how would you find out the dominant color?

Mate them and see what color the offspring are—that will be the dominant color.

What will the genotypic ratio be of a monohybrid cross of two individuals who are heterozygous for a trait?

25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive

In a monohybrid cross between two true-breeding parents would result in the F1:

all heterozygous

Before replication, a pair of chromosomes that contain alleles for the same genes at the same locations are called

homologous.

The process that produces mRNA from DNA is called

transcription.

The nucleotides within DNA are composed of a

phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and nitrogenous base.

If a DNA template strand has a sequence of 3´-TACAATGTAGCC-5´, then the RNA produced from it will be which sequence?

5´-AUGUUACAUCGG-3´

What does DNA code for?

amino acids

A variation of a gene is called a ________.

allele

What is the unit of inheritance for all living organisms?

DNA

What cellular process do you grow, develop, and repair/replace damaged cells by?

Mitosis

What cellular process do you (and many other eukaryotic organisms) produce your gametes (sperm or egg) by?

Meiosis

Homoplasy

character shared by a set of species but not present in their common ancestor