Physiology II final numbers for memorization

sodium

135-145 mEq/L

potassium

4.0-5.0mEq/L

Which of the following metabolic waste products are derived from the catabolism of protein?

urea

hydrostatic capillary pressure

60

what system regulates BP

angiotensin II

what part of the renal system decides in renin is produced?

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Where in the cardiovascular system is the highest pressure concentrated?

arteries

angiotensin II

ADH, constriction

Atrial natriuretic peptide

vasodilator

Where in the cardiovascular system is most of the blood flow?

veins and venules

calcium 2+ blood total value

9.0-10.5 mg/dl

calcium 2+ blood ionized value

4.5-5.5 mg/dl

glucose blood values

60-100mg/dl

glucose blood values for diabetes

125mg/dl

Osmolarity

285-300 mosmol/L

Blood value pH

7.38-7.45

Blood value for PaCO2

35-45mmHg

blood value for PaO2

80-100mmHg

HR

60-100bpm

EF (ejection fraction)

50-75%

Cardiac output

5L

BP

120/80 mmHg

FEV1/FVC (forced Expiratory volume)

>79%

FVC (forced vital capacity) value

5.0L

Breaths

12-20 per minute

Glomerular Filtration Rate

>90ml/min (125 is typical)

HCO3 value

22-28 mEq/L

BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen) levels

7-20 mg/dL

respiratory acidosis

respiratory alkalosis

metabolic acidosis

Metabolic alkalosis

Respiratory acidosis

• HYPOVENTILATION (not enough air)

• CO2 builds up → Carbonic acid increase→ pH decreases

• common cause: COPD, respiratory depression, head injury, airway obstruction

• compensation: kidneys retain

• HCO3- to raise pH

respiratory alkalosis

• hyperventilation

• effect: CO2 is blown off→ decrease carbonic acid→ pH increases (to more basic) baseline

• common cause: anxiety attack, high altitude, fever, pain

metabolic acidosis

cause: buildup of acids or loss of bicarbonate

effect: decrease bicarbonate, pH decreases (more acidic)

common causes: diabetic ketoacidosis, kidney failure, diarrhea, lactic acidosis (loss of HCO3-)

compensation: lungs increase breathing to blow off CO2

Diabetic ketoacidosis

body doesn’t have enough insulin so it breaks down fat for energy producing acidic substances called ketones

• high blood sugar levels

• can be fatal

metabolic alkalosis

Cause: loss of acid or gain or bicarbonate

effect: increase HCO3-, increase in pH (more alkaline)

common causes: vomiting (loss of stomach acid), diuretics excess antacid use

compensation: lungs slow breathing to reattach to CO2

percentage of plasma in body water

7%

percentage of plasma in blood?

55%

percentage of erythrocytes in blood

45%

plasma

carries blood cells, proteins, nutrients, metabolic waste and other molecules being transported around the body, yellowish liquid component of blood that makes up about 55% of its volume.

3 types of heart control

1. nerves

2. endocrine

3. autonomous