1905 bloody sunday

Who led the peaceful workers’ march to the Winter Palace on 22 January 1905?

Father Georgi Gapon, an Orthodox priest, led the march to present a loyal petition to Tsar Nicholas II.

What was the aim of Father Gapon’s march?

To deliver a petition asking the Tsar to relieve the workers’ desperate living and working conditions.

What happened when the peaceful demonstrators approached the Winter Palace?

Police forces panicked and opened fire, killing around 200 people and injuring hundreds more.

What is the event of 22 January 1905 known as?

Bloody Sunday.

How did Bloody Sunday affect the Tsar’s reputation?

It destroyed Nicholas II’s image as the caring “Little Father” and turned public loyalty into anger and distrust.

What did Father Gapon reportedly say after witnessing the massacre?

“There is no God any longer. There is no Tsar.”

Why was Bloody Sunday a turning point in Russian history?

It transformed peaceful appeals into revolutionary anger, marking the start of the 1905 Revolution.

How did unrest spread after Bloody Sunday?

Strikes broke out across cities and towns, and violence against landlords and officials increased.

Which political group organized much of the terrorism during the unrest?

The Socialist Revolutionaries (SRs).

Which high-ranking official was assassinated by SR terrorists?

Interior Minister Plehve.

How did the Russo-Japanese War contribute to unrest in 1905?

Russia’s defeat humiliated the country and deepened public discontent with the government.

What actions did peasants take during the 1905 Revolution?

They seized estates, took over land and property, and squatted in landlords’ homes.

Why did peasants fear government action during the revolution?

They feared the government would repossess homes from families unable to pay post-emancipation mortgages.

How did non-Russian minorities react during the unrest?

They asserted independence—Georgia declared independence, Poland demanded autonomy, and Jews sought equal rights.

Who led the Union of Liberation?

Paul Milyukov.

What was the goal of the Union of Liberation?

To unite liberal groups to demand political reform and constitutional government.

What alliance did Paul Milyukov help create in May 1905?

The Union of Unions, bringing together liberals, peasants, and workers.

What did the Union of Unions declaration call the government?

“A terrible menace” and “a gang of robbers.”

What political party was formed from the Union of Unions later in 1905?

The Kadet Party (Constitutional Democratic Party), led by Milyukov.