Constitutional Amendments and Historical Context

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and historical events related to the constitutional amendments discussed in the lecture.

First Amendment

Protects the rights to freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and petition.

Establishment Clause

Prohibits Congress from making laws that establish a religion.

Free Exercise Clause

Prevents Congress from prohibiting the free exercise of religion.

Third Amendment

Prohibits the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent.

Fourth Amendment

Protects against unreasonable searches and seizures and requires a warrant.

Fifth Amendment

Provides for due process and protects against self-incrimination and double jeopardy.

Sixth Amendment

Guarantees the right to a fair trial, counsel, and an impartial jury.

Eighth Amendment

Prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment.

Tenth Amendment

Affirms that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states.

Fourteenth Amendment

Grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S. and provides equal protection under the law.

Fifteenth Amendment

Prohibits denying the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

Emancipation Proclamation

An executive order issued by Lincoln in 1863 freeing slaves in Confederate states.

Cognitive Dissonance

The mental discomfort experienced when holding contradictory beliefs or when new evidence contradicts existing beliefs.

Sharecropping

A system where tenants work land owned by someone else in exchange for a share of the crops.

Black Codes

Laws enacted in the South post-Civil War to restrict African Americans' freedom.

Jim Crow Laws

State and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Plessy v. Ferguson

An 1896 Supreme Court case that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation under the 'separate but equal' doctrine.

Prohibition

A nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933.

Nineteenth Amendment

Grants women the right to vote.

Sixteenth Amendment

Allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states.

Seventeenth Amendment

Established the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.