What does the central nervous system control
brain and spinal cord
what does the peripheral nervous system control
all other nerves
nervous system functions
sensory, integrative, motor
types of neurons
sensory, motor, interneurons
function of glial cells
support and care for neurons
function of neurons
take in information and relay messages
do neurons undergo mitosis
no
do glial cells undergo mitosis
yes
types of glial cells
astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, schwann cells, ependymal
astrocytes
form blood brain barrier
ependymal cells
produce cerebrospinal fluid
Microglia
phagocytic cells that ingest and break down waste products and pathogens in the CNS
schwann cells
produce myelin in the pns
Oligodendrocytes
Form myelin sheath in CNS
parts of a neuron
dendrites, cell body, axon, axon terminal, myelin sheath, nodes of ranvier
dendrites
Branchlike parts of a neuron that are specialized to receive information
cell body of a neuron
contains nucleus and organelles
axon
A threadlike extension of a neuron that carries nerve impulses away from the cell body.
nodes of ranvier
gaps in the myelin sheath
myelin sheath
covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed neural impulses, fatty sheath
axon terminal
The endpoint of a neuron where neurotransmitters are stored
white matter in brain
myelinated axons
gray matter in brain
unmyelinated axons
synapse
junction between two neurone
axon terminal of one meeting with the dendrites of the other, to transmit information
where do ssris work
at the synapse of the neuron
action potential
a nerve impulse
where are neurotransmitters released
at nerve ending (axon terminal)
4 major areas of the brain
cerebrum, diencephalon, brain stem, cerebellum
largest part of brain
cerebrum
left brain
logic and language
right brain
creativity and emotion
gyrus
convolutions on the brain surface
sulci
grooves that divide the gyrus
central sulcus
seperates frontal lobe and parietal lobe
precentral gyrus
gyrus anterior to the central sulcus
parietal lobe
somartosensory area, controls temperature, pain, touch, proprioception
occipital lobe
visual cortex
thalamus
takes info from lower brain and brings to sensory areas of cerebrum
hypothalamus
regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior
meninges
three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord
cerebral spinal fluid
A solution that fills the hollow cavities of the brain and circulates around the brain and spinal cord. Provides nourishment, cushions, and removes wastes.
blood brain barrier
Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out
spinal cord
continuation of the brain stem, tubelike structure located in spinal cavity. runs from bottom of skull to lumbar.
basal ganglia
primary neurotransmitter is dopamine
substantia nigra
main component of basal ganglia
ascending tracts
nerves within cns carry sensory info
descending tracts
nerves within cns carry motor info
reflex action
involuntary response to a stimulus action
neuron
single nerve cell
nerve
bundles of neurons with fascia and blood supply
autonomic nervous system ans
the part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the glands and the muscles of the internal organs. Has a sympathetic division and a parasympathetic division
sympathetic division
fight or flight
parasympathetic division
rest and digest
what body parts are effected by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions
eyes, heart, lungs, skeletal muscles, digestive organs
drugs that effect the ans
cholinergic, adrenergic
agonist
mimicking
antagonist
opposes, blocks, opposite