neuroscience

Synapse

The structure involved in transmission of information from a neuron to another neuron.

Nucleus

The cell structure that contains DNA

Dendrites

Receive input from other neurons

Axon

Send messages to other neurons

Neuron

The cell of the nervous system that is generating action potentials

Lobes of the Brain

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

Corpus Callosum

Bundle of neurons connecting the left and right hemispheres

Primary role of the hippocampus

Learning and memory

Alzheimer’s Disease

Most common neurological disorder that involves memory loss associated with amyloid build up in the brain

Parkinson’s Disease

Disorder associated with the death of dopaminergic neurons in the brain

Transcription and translation

How proteins are synthesized base on the information contained in the DNA

Neurotransmitters

How neurons communicate with one another

Amygdala

Primarily known for its role in fear and anxiety

Hypothalmus

Primary role of maintaining homeostasis

Spinal Cord is part of the…

Central nervous system

Nerves

Bundles of axons responsible for transmitting information to and from the spinal cord

Schizophrenia

Characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and excess dopamine in the brain.

Chromosomes

DNA molecules

Cerebellum

The structure known to be crucial for motor coordination and control and certain aspects of cognition

The brainstem consists of the

Midbrain, pons, and medulla

The central Sulcus divides the

Frontal and parietal lobes

Consequence of damage to the eight cranial nerve

Impaired balance

Reductionism

The idea that we can understand complex systems by looking at their constituent parts

MRI uses

Radio waves and magnetic fields

Golgi

Which type of stain is used to reveal the entire neuron with all its processes

Substantial Nigra

Major source of dopaminergic projections and plays a role in Parkinson’s disease

Thalamus

Almost all sensory information passes through which then sends the information on to the overlying cortex

Astrocytes

Glial cell that interacts with blood vessels

Most common sequence of information flowing through a neuron

Dendrite, cell body, axon, axon terminal

Dendrites

Input zone of a nerve cell

Axon transport

Bidirectional, moving materials from the neuronal cell body towards the axon terminals and from axon terminals back to the cell body

Somatic nervous system includes…

Cranial nerves and the spinal nerves

Folds of the brain (Sulci) allow…

A larger surface area to fit into the cranial space

Form synapses onto other cells

Axon terminals

Inside the neuron there is a high concentration of what ions?

Potassium

Outside the cell there is a high concentration of what ions?

Sodium

Transporter Molecules

Involved in the reuptake of neurotransmitter at the synapse

Resting membrane potential

Maintained by electrostatic pressure and diffusion acting on the cation potassium

Usually the action potential is initiated at the…

Axon hillock

Hyperpolarizing stimuli

Decrease the likelihood the neuron will fire an action potential

All or nothing action potential

The amplitude of the action potential is independent of the size of the stimulus

The peak of the action potential is caused by the () of the () channels

Opening, Sodium

Relative refractory phase

The neuron is briefly hyperpolarized

Dendrites usually have few

Voltage-gated ion channels

Myelin increases the speed of conduction because

It offers considerable resistance to the flow of ionic current

Complex Partial Seizures

Most often accompanied by an unusual sensation called an aura and may not be necessarily involve the entire brain.

Spatial Summation

Neurons pushed to threshold if many ESPSs arrive at the axon hillock at the same time, but from different locations across the cell body.

Ions are molecules that carry an electric charge due to the gain or loss of…

Electrons

A key causal event in the release of neurotransmitter molecules from vesicles into the synaptic cleft is the…

Influx of calcium ions in response to the arrival of an action potential at the terminal

Ligand

A substance that binds to receptor molecules

Enzymatic Degradation

Deactivates the neurotransmitters after release in the synapse

Desynchronized electrical activity is seen

In a normal active brain