11. Toxicants: Circulatory & Hematopoietic Systems

mycotoxins produced by the fungus fusarium verticillioides

fumonisins

Fumonisin Induced Porcine Pulmonary Edema:

• ingestion → inhibits ________ ____ ________ → increase ________

• inhibition of ____ ________ ____ ________ → ________ myocardial contractility

• ________ side heart failure → ________ ________

• sphingosine N acetyletransferase; sphingosine

• L type Ca channel; decrease

• left; pulmonary edema

What is the agent in ergot toxicity?

claviceps purpurea

Grains infected with claviceps purpurea can produce what toxic agents?

ergonovine, ergotamine, ergopeptines

What are the mechanisms of toxicity in ergot toxicity?

A
S
D

• alpha adrenergic

• serotonergic

• dopaminergic

How is ergot toxicity diagnosed?

detection of ergot in grain

In fescue toxicity, what is the infecting endophyte?

neotyphodium coenophialum

What is by far the most prevalent ergopeptine?

ergovaline

What is the toxic component of black walnut?

juglone

The molding of sweet clover promotes the likelihood of what toxin in the hay?

dicumarol

What is an example of a first generation anticoagulant? What is needed as far as feedings go for it to be toxic?

warfarin; require multiple feedings

What is an example of an intermediate anticoagulant? What can be said about the feedings required for toxicity?

diphacinone; require fewer feedings and are more toxic

What is an example of a second generation anticoagulant? What feedings are required for toxicity?

brodifacoum; highly toxic after a single feeding

What is the toxic principle of the allium species?

sulfur-containing organic compounds

What is the toxicologic mechanism of the allium spp?

oxidative hemolysis

What does allium toxicity cause to form in the blood?

heinz bodies

Cat presents with puffy face, puffy paws, and pale MM with low PCV and methemoglobininemia. What is at the top of your DDX?

acetaminophen toxicity

What is the toxic compound in acetominophen toxciity?

para-aminophenol

What is the treatment for acetaminophen toxicity?

N-acetylcysteine