Ch3 Lecture micro

What traits do prokaryote and eukaryotes share

-Cytoplasm

-DNA

-Plasma Membrane

-Ribosomes

Membrane is a mosaic of (4 things)

-Phospholipids

-Glycolipids

-Sterols

-Proteins

Types of membrane proteins

-Receptor Proteins

-Recognition Proteins

-Transport Proteins

-Enzymatic Proteins

What are Fimbriae

Hair-like projections that allow cells to attach to other surfaces

What are flagellum

Whip like projections that aid in cellular movement

Glycocalyx

Layer of molecules external to the cell wall. Serves protective, adhesive, and receptor functions

Nucleoid

Contains condensed DNA molecules

Pilus

Used in transfer of DNA to other cells (conjugation)

Actin Cytoskeleton

Fibers of proteins that encircle cell and give it shape

Inclusions

Stored nutrients such as fat, phosphate, or glycogen, deposited in dense crystals or particles

Outer membrane

(in bacteria) Extra membrane similar to cell membrane- control flows of materials and can be toxic when released

Endospore

dormant body formed within some bacteria that allows for their survival in adverse conditions

two types of glycocalyx and characteristics

capsule layer (tough to break down)

slime layer (adheres to surfaces)

Two types of movement that prokaryotes make in response to a stimulus

runs- single direction

tumbles- abrupt, random changes in direction

what is a cell wall made out of

peptidoglycan

1. Shape of cocci

2. Shape of bacilli

1. balls

2. rods

Gram positive cell wall characteristics

-thick layer of peptidogylcan

-appears purple under staining

gram negative cell wall characteristics

-thin layer of peptidogycan

-contains extra outer membrane (LPS possiblly impedes disease treatment)

-under staining appears pink

steps in endospore production (7 steps)

1. DNA is replicated

2. Cytoplasmic membrane invaginates to form forespore

3. Cytoplasmic membrane grows and engulfs forespore within a second membrane. Vegetative cell’s DNA disintegrates

4. Peptidoglycan deposits between membranes and ions accumulate in center of endospore

5. Spore coat forms around endospore

6. Endospore mature and spore coat is completed

7. Endospore is released from original cell.

cell theory

-cell is the smallest unit of life

-every living organism is composed of one or more cells

-continuity of life occurs from growth and division of cells

surface to volume ratio

the biggest a cell is, the less surface area there is per unit volume

what is the glycocalyx composed of

polysaccharides and proteins

are endospores reproductive

no!

theories for organelle development

-endosymbiosis

-invagination

components of the nucleus (3) and definition of each

-nuclear envelope- two bilayers w/spore that envelope nucleus

-nucleolus- ribosome assembly

-chromatin- carries cellular information

what initially formed from invagination

endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus

centriole function

move chromosomes during cell divison

cilia vs. flagellum

cilia move fluid past cell, flagellum moves cell

DNA shape for mitochondria vs. eukaryote

Mito. = circular, eukaryote = linear

endo membrane system function

-produces and modifies molecules for export

-breaks down toxic chemicals and cellular side-products

what is contained within endomembrane system

-Rough ER

-Smooth ER

-Golgi Bodies

-Vesicles

vesicle tranport steps

1. Exits rough/smooth ER

2. Enters golgi

3. Golgi modifies it

4. Exits golgi as a transport vesicle

5. Transport vesicle fuses with plasma membrane and dumps outside cell

what is not found in animal cell vs plant cell

animal cell = centriole

plant cell = chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole (can be in anim. cell)