3.4: Comparisons in Land Based Empires 1450-1750 t

Which empire claimed descent from both Timur and Genghis Khan and led South Asia during a golden age of culture and architecture?

The Mughal Empire, founded in the early 16th century, is known for its significant contributions to South Asian culture, art, and architecture, including the construction of the Taj Mahal.

Which Islamic empire was predominantly Shia and was frequently in conflict with its Sunni neighbor to the west?

The Safavid Empire, which ruled Persia from the early 16th to the 18th century, established Shia Islam as the state religion and often clashed with the Sunni Ottoman Empire.

What was a key administrative feature of the Songhai Empire?

The centralization of power under a strong king and an efficient bureaucracy that managed trade and taxation.

Which empire was ruled by the Romanov dynasty and had a rigid hierarchy with the tsar holding absolute power?

The Russian Empire, established in the 18th century, was noted for its autocratic governance under the tsars and its expansion across Eurasia.

The Ming Dynasty is known for completing which of the following architectural achievements?

The construction of the Forbidden City in Beijing, which served as the imperial palace and political center of China. It symbolized the power and authority of the emperor while showcasing traditional Chinese architecture.

What was one reason for the fall of the Qing Empire in 1911?

The Qing Empire faced internal strife, corruption, and increasing foreign influence, which led to widespread dissatisfaction and ultimately the 1911 revolution. Additionally, the failure to modernize and adapt to changing social and economic conditions contributed to its decline.

Which American empire was known for human sacrifice and a highly centralized bureaucracy before its conquest by Spain?

The Aztec Empire, known for its complex social structure and religious practices involving human sacrifice, was centered in what is now Mexico before falling to the Spanish conquistadors.

What was a major difference between land-based and maritime empires during 1450–1750?

Land-based empires primarily expanded through territorial conquest and control over land, while maritime empires focused on naval power, trade routes, and overseas colonies.

Which maritime empire created trading post networks in Africa and India?

The Devshirme system was a practice in the Ottoman Empire where Christian boys were taken from their families, converted to Islam, and trained as soldiers or administrative officials, contributing to the empire's administration and military.

What religious system did the Qing Dynasty enforce with restrictive policies on Han Chinese?

Confucianism, emphasizing hierarchy and social order.

What was the "Mandate of Heaven" used for in China?

The "Mandate of Heaven" was a traditional Chinese philosophical concept asserting that the right to govern is granted by heaven, used to justify the rule of emperors and their legitimacy based on their ability to maintain order and harmony in society.

What justified the power of European monarchs like Louis XIV and James I during this time?

The concept of the "Divine Right of Kings," which held that monarchs were granted the right to rule by God and were accountable only to Him.

What system allowed the Ottoman Empire to govern a diverse population by granting autonomy to religious groups?

The Millet System, which permitted various religious communities to govern themselves in personal status laws while maintaining loyalty to the empire.

What type of empire were the Dutch and Portuguese classified as due to their emphasis on trade over territorial conquest?

Commercial Empires, focused on trade routes rather than territorial expansion.