RELIGION - SOMERSET

What occurs in the 1547 royal visitation?

Commissioners were sent to all bishoprics to examine the state of the clergy, and the doctrine and the practices of the church. Episcopal authority was suspended until the visitation had been completed in the autumn

What occurs within Januray-March 1548 with the series of proclomations issued to dampen Protestant unrest?

The privy council felt the need to assert that transubstantiatiib was still technically in force and that Catholic ries till needed to be adhered to.The Government was trying to achieve order and was playing for time whilst Cranmer wrote the Book of Common prayer

What ocurrs on the 24th April 1548 wih the proclomation stating only authorised clergy are allowed to preach?

The gov felt this was necessary becuase of the flood of unauthorised Proestant preachers that had followed the repeal of the treason and heresy laws.

What occurs on the 23rd September 1548 with the proclomation stating no preaching until new liturgy introduced?

A clear sign that the Government felt that the situation was slipping out of control

What occurs between 4th November-24th December 1547 parliament with the act of six articles being repealed?

left the church without an official doctrine

What happens on the 25th December 1549?

Proclomation issued (and confirmed in Parliament) which ordered the destruction of the remainder of images

What occurs between the 4th November - 24th December 1547 due to the chantries act?

stop prayers being said for the dead - indirectly condens the idea of purgatory

What is Loades’ quote about the chantries act?

In fact. the Chantries act was more significant as a gesture of reform than it was an act of plunder

What act was passed on the 11th February 1548?

all images to be removed from churches (met with remarkanly little oppositon)

What occured in the 4th November-24 December 1547 parliament as a result of the treason act being repealed?

radicals lept on this opportunity to spread their views and in some cases destroy catholic images and altars. Gov had stripped itself of the powers needed to curb these outbursts, protestant pamphlets bitterlay attacked mass

What occured in January 1550 when the new reformed ordinal was passed?

Ordinal contained the ceremon to be followed when the clergy were ordained. Protestant Hooper was outraged by the swearing of the oath to saints and the need to wear a white surplice. A conttroversery raged between Hooper and Ridley, Hooper was forced to back down

What occurs due to the July 1547 Royal injunctions?

Orders were given for all clergy to preach in ENglish and have an ENglish Bible and protestant literature in every parish church. Superstitious images were to be removed

What occured in July 1547 qwith the books of homilies and Paraphrases?

ordered thag the book of homilies to be placed in every church. Book of Homilies contained some Protestant sermons written by Cranmer, including one supporting Lutheran belief of justification by faith alone. Gardiner and bonner objected and were imprisoned. Established in almost all parish churches by the end of 1549.

What happens in November 1549?

Parliament removed all laws against clerical marriage. All ecclestiatical courts were in the Kings name

What occurs in December 1548 with the first prayer book?

manual written by Cranmer outlining the liturgy to be followed in services

What occurs in january 1549 with the act of uniformity?

made the book of common prayer the official liturgy, very effectively enforced despite pockets of resistance (most notable was the western rebellion)

Why is Somerset’s religious policy known as the negative reformation?

involved the removal of doctrine and ideas and putting nothing in place to replace it

What was Edward’s view on religion?

intellectually gifted and very interested in theology

What was Miles Coverdale’s role in Edward’s court?

Chaplain to the king

What sermons did Edward like?

long, complicated sermons and scribbled Greek notes as he listened

What did the Spanish ambassador in April 1550 say about the court?

all those around the king were advanced Protestants and that the King supported their beliefs

What is interesting about the royal preachers of this time?

of the 22 known royal preachers, 20 were reforming bishops or evangelical preachers

What is the relevance of Edward’s chronicle and religion?

only 5% of it is devoted to the subject of religion. His main religious concern is not doctrine but the control and structure of the episcopy

Which people close to Edward were protestants?

Catherine Parr, Cranmer, Coxe, Cecil and Hales

How did Bucer describe Edward?

described him as godly ‘to a marvel’

What occured in EAster 1547 to show Edward’s support of Protestantism?

evening prayer was sung in English at the Royal Chapel

What happened to Protestan refugees under Edward?

flocked to England, who were influential in discussing religion with Edward (the refugees were high profile and often friends of Cranmer) for example Bucer from France, Bullinger from Switzerland and Vernigili from Italy

When was the Book of Common prayer produced, who by and when wa sit revised under Edward?

1549, Cranmer 1552

What are the beliefs in the first book of common prayer?

compromise between catholocism and protestantism

How does religion impact the succession?

Edward and Northumberland relaise the King does not have long to live and try to remove the catholic Mary from th succession by choosing the Protestant Lady Jane Grey

What religious beliefs did Somerset hold?

a moderate protestant and religiously tolerant

Who held the majority in the Privy council, why?

Progressives, due to the changes that Somerset had made to Henry’s will with the use of the dry stamp

What was the issue with the Bishops and pushing reforms?

Hasn’t sorted the house of lords, nine bishops supprted reform, ten opposed reform and eight were undecided.

How did the changes to the house of lords prevent change from occuring?

abbots had been removed, so they couldn’t be used to apply pressure and make a decision

Why was Gardiner opposing any reforms?

Was upholding Henry’s will, which said that no changs cpould be made until Edward reached his majority

Who werwe the leading reforming bishops vs roman caholic bishops?

Ridley and Cranmer vs Gardiner and Bonner

What pressure was being applied to Somerset by Protestant radicals?

anti catholic protests increased with the return of protestant exiles, pamphlet campaigns targeting bisops and Catholic the Eucharist, superstitious rituals, riots and rebellions, Iconoclasm

What occured in Much Wenlock?

a bonfire of saints bones and icons

How long does religious reform actually take?

2 years, 1549

When do inspector go out on visitations, when is the report produced?

February and March 1547, report produced in May 1547

What changes occur with the chantries act?

gets rid of any remaning monastries (very few), 2,734 chantries gone, 90 colleges and 110 hospitals associated with chanties

How much money does the chantries act make, what is it used for?

160,000, about 20% of the dissolution anf the money was used to build schools (King Edward VI grammar schools)

Why was the chantries act passed?

financial benefits and attacks the belief of purgatory

Why was there a proclamtion aginst rumours in May 1547, example?

last visistation cuased dissolution and people freaked out, eg in Licoln rumours about dismantalling their steeple the laity had just paid for

What were erasmus’ paraphrases?

neither protestant or catholic, chunks of the Bible put into common language, often ten commandments or lord prayer

What were the homilies?

book written by Cranmer, sermon for each sunday and special sermons, have to have in church, idea of justification of getting into heaven by faith alone

What does Sola Fida mean?

idea of justification of getting into heaven by faith alone

What are the July 1547 injunctions based on?

Cromwells 1536/8 injunctions eg, sermon in english, English bible, all superstitious images have to go, processions forbidden and stained glass windows removed if they have images

What does the repealing the act of six articles cause?

increase in protestanr immigration, also lots of protestant preachers now preaching, no heresy laws so know they can’t be burnt, causes chaos and rife iconoclasm

When is Cranmer’s book of Common prayers completed?

December 1548, so parliament meets in January 1549 to approve and discuss it

Why does it take so long for Cranmer to write his book of common prayers?

he is speaking to God and wants to make sure it is correct

What occurs relating to pamphlets in November 1548?

more protestant books/ pamphlets produced than at any point before 1570 (excommunication of Elizabeth), also quite a lot in 1588 with Spanish Armada

What occurs in the September 1548 proclomation?

banned all preaching until BCP introduced - out of control

What occurs in the April 1548 proclomation?

only authorised clergy allowed to preach (get a grip on the radical preachers)

What occurs in the February 1548 proclomation?

all images removed in churches (contradicts previous proc but backs up Nov parl)

What occurs in the January 1548 proclomation?

proclomation to stop due to unrest, privy council reasserts transubstantiation and stated that roman catholic rites still have to be agreed to, playing fro tim unil the BCP is produced

How many sacraments do protestants have?

2, Luther intitially said 3 but chnaged his mind

WHat were the january 1549 first act of uniformity terms?

services in English, 5 sacraments, communion in both kinds, clerical marriage allowed, fast and holy days remain, traditional roman catholic vstements to be worn, no statement on purgatory

What is a good example of the mixed nature of the act of uniformity?

new communion service followed the old latin mass

What was Somerset’s aim with the first act of uniformity?

to be moderate and keep everyone happy, in reality keeps nobody help

Whta did the November 1549 parliament establish?

all laws against clerical marriage removed, all church courts now in the kings name which is the reinforcement/conclusion of ideas out forward in january

What was the december 1549 proclomation?

confirmed in parliament which ordered the destruction of any remaining images

What was the January 1550 new ordinal, who was it under?

EARY NOIRTHUMBERLAND. - book that contained the service/ceremony for the ordiantion of the clergy , again a compromise of a protestant ceremony and Rc and vestements

What was the controversy over the 1550 new ordinal?

Hooper was asked to become the bishop of Gloucester but says no as he wont wear catholic robe and swear to saints, gov says he has to, a big argument. Huge as both edward and Northumberland are involved. Hooper thrown in prison for a short while (Newgate) Hooper eventually relents as he feels he cant futr=rther the protestant cuase from prison.

What happneded if clergy reused to follow the 1549 acts?

fines and imprisonment, but no penalties on laity. Bishops encouraged to conduct visitations to check it was being enforced