a&p skeletal system

forehead bone

frontal

cheekbone

zygomatic

lower jaw

mandible

bridge of the nose

nasals

posterior part of the hard palate

palatines

much of the lateral and superior part of the cranium

parietals

most posterior part of the cranium

occipital

single, irregular, bat-shaped bone, forming part of the cranial floor

sphenoid

tiny bones, bearing tear ducts

lacrimals

anterior part of the hard palate

maxillae

superior and middle nasal conchae formed from its projections

ethmoid

Site of the mastoid process

temporal

Site of the sella turcica

sphenoid

Site of cribiform plate

ethmoid

Site of mental foramen

mandible

Site of styloid process

temporal

Four bones containing paranasal sinuses

ethmoid, frontal, sphenoid, maxillae

Its condyles articulate with the atlas

occipital

Foramen magnum contained here

occipital

Middle ear found here

temporal

Nasal septum

vomer

Bears an upward protrusion, the "cock's comb", or crista galli

ethmoid

What are sinuses?

Mucus membrane lined cavities in bone filled with air

What purpose do sinuses provide for the skull?

They lighten the skull and act to amplify sounds as we speak

Why are sinuses so susceptible to infection?

Infections migrate in these areas since the mucosa lining is continuous with nasal passages and throat

Structure that encloses the nerve cord

vertebral arch

Weight-bearing portion of the vertebrae

body

Provides levers for the muscles to pull against

spinous and transverse processes

Provides an articulation point for the ribs

transverse process

Openings providing exit for spinal nerves

intervertebral foramina

Type of vertebrae containing foramina, through which the vertebral arteries ascend to the brain

atlas, axis, cervical certebrae

Its dens provides a pivot for rotation of the first cervical vertebra

axis

Transverse processes have facets for articulation with ribs, spinous processes point sharply downward

thoracic vertebrae

Composite bone, articulates with the hip bone laterally

sacrum

Massive vertebrae, weight sustaining

lumbar vertebrae

Tailbone, vestigial fused vertebrae

coccyx

Supports the head, allows the rocking motion of the occipital condyles

atlas

Seven components, unfused

cervical vertebrae

Twelve components, unfused

thoracic vertebrae

In describing abnormal curvatures, it could be said that ___(1)___ is an exaggerated thoracic curvature, and in ____(2)___, the vertebral column is displaced laterally.  Intervertebral discs are made of ___(3)___tissue.  The discs provide ___(4)___ to the spinal column.  

(1) kyphosis

(2) scoliosis

(3) fibrocartilage

(4) Flexibility, cushioning, shock absorption, elasticity

Raised area on the lateral surface of humerus to which the deltoid muscle attaches

deltoid tuberosity

arm bone

humerus

Bones composing the shoulder girdle

scapula and clavicle

Forearm bones

radius and ulna

Point where scapula and clavicle connect

acromion

Shoulder girdle bone that has no attachment to the axial skeleton

scapula

Shoulder girdle bone that articulates anteriorly with the sternum

clavicle

Socket in the scapula for the arm bone

glenoid cavity

Process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

coracoid process

Commonly called the collarbone

clavicle

Distal medial process of the humerus; joins the ulna

trochlea

Medial bone of the forearm in the anatomical position

ulna

Rounded knob on the humerus that articulates with the radius

capitulum

Anterior depression, superior to the trochlea; receives part of the ulna when the forearm is flexed

coranoid fossa

Forearm bone involved in formation of the elbow joint

ulna

Bones that articulate with the clavicle

scapula and sternum

Bones of the wrist

carpals

Bones of the fingers

phalanges

Heads of these bones form the knuckles

metacarpals

The organs protected by the thoracic cage include the ___(1)___ and the ___(2)___.  Ribs 1 through 7 are called ___(3)___ ribs, whereas ribs 8 through 12 are called ___(4)___ ribs.  Ribs 11 and 12 are also called ___(5)___ ribs.  All ribs articulate posteriorly with the ___(6)___, and most connect anteriorly to the ___(7)___ either directly or indirectly.  The general shape of the thoracic cage is ___(8)___.

(1) heart

(2) lungs

(3) true

(4) false

(5) floating

(6) thoracic vertebrae

(7) sternum

(8) cone or cone-shaped

Select the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings

Tibia

Ulna

Fibula

Femur

ulna

Select the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings

Skull

Rib cage

Vertebral column

Pelvis

pelvis

Select the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings

Ischium

Scapula

Ilium

Pubis

scapula

Select the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings

Mandible

Frontal bone

Temporal bone

Occipital bone

Mandible

Select the term that does not belong in each of the following groupings

Calcaneous

Tarsals

Carpals

Talus

carpals

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    The ______________ girdle is formed by the articulation of the hip bones and sacrum

pelvic

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    Bones present in both the hand and the foot are ____________________.

phalanges

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    The tough, fibrous connective tissue covering of a bone is the ___________________.

periosteum

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    The point of fusion of the three bones forming the coxal bone is the ________________________

acetabulum

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    The large nerve that must be avoided when giving injections into the buttock muscles is the ________________ nerve.

sciatic

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    The long bones of the fetus are constructed of ______________ cartilage.

hyaline

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    Bones that provide the most protection to the abdominal viscera are the __________________.

coxal bones (ilium)

Fill in the correct term for the following statement:    The largest foramen in the skull is the _______________________.

foramen magnum

Fuse to form the coxal bone (Hip bone)

ilium, ischium, pubis

Receives the weight of the body when sitting

ischial tuberosity

Point where the coxal bones join anteriorly

pubic symphysis

Upper margin of iliac bones

iliac crest

Deep socket in the hip bone that receives the head of the thigh bone

acetabulum

Point where the axial skeleton attached to the pelvic girdle

sacroiliac joint

Longest bone in the body; articulates with the coxal bone

femur

Lateral bone of the leg

fibula

Medial bone of the leg

tibia

Bones forming the knee joint

femur, patella, tibia

Point where the patellar ligament attaches

tibial tuberosity

Kneecap

patella

Shinbone

tibia

Distal process of the medial tibial surface

medial malleolus

Process forming the outer ankle

lateral malleolus

Heel bone

calcaneous

Bones of the ankles

tarsals

Bones forming the instep of the foot

metatarsals

Opening in a coxal bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

obturator foramen

Sites of the muscle attachment on the proximal end of the femur

greater and lesser trochanters

Tarsal bone that articulates with the tibia

talus