Chapter 2 Vocab 1

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Synthesis

Process by which substances join to form new types of substances.

Chemistry

The science that studies the composition and properties of all chemical substances.

Kilogram

The main unit of mass in the metric system, equal to one thousand grams.

Element

The simplest examples of matter with specific chemical properties.

Atom

Smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element.

Chemical bond

Attractive force holding atoms together.

Nucleus

An atom's central portion.

Electron

Small, negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus of an atom.

Proton

Positively charged particle in an atomic nucleus.

Neutron

Electronically neutral particle in an atom's nucleus.

Atomic Number

Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Atomic Weight

The combined numbers of protons & neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.

Isotopes

Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons, and different atomic weights.

Radioactive

Property of some atoms that releases energy or pieces of matter at a constant rate.

Inert

Elements that do not react with other elements.

Ion

Particle that results when an atom or molecule becomes electrically charged.

Ionic Bond

Chemical bond that results from the attraction of two oppositely charged ions.

Molecule

Particle composed of two or more bonded atoms.

Covalent Bond

Chemical bond formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms.

Polar Molecule

A molecule with equal numbers of protons and electrons, yet having a slightly positive region and a slightly negative region due to uneven distribution of the charged particles.

Hydrogen Bond

Weak bond between a hydrogen atom and an atom of oxygen or nitrogen, between molecules or between different regions of a very large molecule.

Compound

Substance composed of two or more chemically bonded atoms of different elements.

Molecular Formula

Abbreviation for the number of atoms of each element in a compound.

Structural Formula

Representation of the way atoms bond to form a molecule, using symbols for elements and lines to indicate chemical bonds.

Decomposition

Breakdown of molecules.

Exchange Reaction

Chemical reaction in which pairs of two kinds of molecules trade positions.

Reversible Reaction

Chemical reaction in which the products can react, reforming the reactants.

Catalyst

Chemical that increases the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not permanently altered by the reaction.