Philosophy I Quiz

Human Actions

Appropriate acts by human beings

Acts of Man

Acts shared by human beings and animals

Voluntary Actions

These are acts originating from the individual using knowledge

Involuntary Actions

These are acts done under a force or coercion or as a failure to understand/ignorance

Voluntary

Through pure will & Reason

Compulsorary

Related to compulsion, mix of voluntary and involuntary

Under Compulsion

circumstances beyond the control of an agent

Through Ignorance

Person lacks knowledge when committing the action and regrets it afterward

Freedom

Essence of Philosophy

To search for the answers to life’s questions

Philos

Greek for love

Sophia

Greek for wisdom

Philosophers (meaning)

Lovers of wisdom

Philosophy (purpose)

seeks truth through reasoning rather than empiricism

Empiricism

pursuit of knowledge through experience, observation or experimentation

Wisdom

element of personal character that enables one to distinguish the wise from the unwise

Pythagoras

famous mathematician who invented the pythagorean theorem

Heraclitus

change is a permanent aspect of the human condition, everything exists based on a higher order or plan which he called logos

Democritus

matter is composed of tiny particles called atoms

Diogenes of Sinope

advocate of living a simple and virtuous life.

Epicurus

philosophy could enable a man to live a life of happiness

Epicureanism

believes that living a wisdom and simple living will result in a life free of fear and pain.

Socrates

Socratic Method

Plato

student of Socrates

Questions of Philosophy

Where am i?, How do I know it?, What should I do?

Philosophy (definition)

purely intellectual discipline which has nothing about love and can be pursued passionately

Thales

Father of philosophy

Greece

birthplace of philosophy

Thales’ greatest contribution

water is the ultimate substance of the universe

5 branches of Philosophy

Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics, Aesthetics

Metaphysics (definition)

study of the first principles of things

Metaphysics (branches)

ontology, natural theology, universal science

Epistemology

the study of the nature of knowledge

Ethics

study of moral principles

Politics

study of the nature of government, who should rule, etc.

Aesthetics

Study of the nature of art and beauty

Philosophical activity’s characteristics

involves generalizations, all about fundamentals, desire to integrate things into one coherent whole

Tools used by philosophers

Philosophical Questions, Logical Reasoning, Philosophical Reflection

Types of logical reasoning

Inductive, Deductive

Inductive Reasoning

a method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the general

Deductive Reasoning

a method of drawing conclusions by going from the general to the specific

Types of philosophical reflection

Primary, secondary

Primary Philosophical Reflection

explains the relationship of an individual to the world based on her existence as an object in the world

Secondary Philosophical Reflection

is a way of helping the individual to recover something of those experiences