Pitot, Static, failures, VG Diagrams, ANDS, UNOS, Vacuum,

Flight Controls

Vg

Velocity versus G loads of load factors

What Koleman uses Pitot and Static

Airspeed indicator

What Koleman uses vacuum/gyro

Attitude indicator, heading indicator,

How does a gyro work?

Spends based on the perpendicular force

Which Koleman using electricity/gyro

Turn coordinator

which kolseman uses static

Altimeter and Vertical Speed indicator

Pitot tube

reads the Ram pressure which is a combination of Dynamic and Static pressure

Static Ports

ambient/ sense atmospheric pressure

white arc on airspeed indicator means

flaps operating rang

Vs0 (out) power off stalling speed with gear and full flaps extended begins at white arc

Vs1 (inside) -Stall speed or minimum steady flight speed for which the aircraft is still controllable in a specific configuration. cannot sustain level flight with flaps and landing gear retracted. Used under ideal conditions excluding icing or equipment malfunction before a stall

white arc - flaps may only be used in this speed

Vfe (flaps extended) -maximum flap extended speed. Do not use flaps above this range.

Green arc - normal operating airspeed range

Vno (normal operations)- maximum structural cruise speed. do not exceed except in smooth air

Yellow arc - caution range, only fly in smooth air

Red line Vne (never exceed speed) - results in structural failure

True altitude

height above (means) sea level

Absolute altitude

height above ground

How to determine blocked pitot tube

ram air (this is the pressure exerted by the air as it is forced into the pitot tube due to the aircraft's forward motion. It's a combination of static pressure and dynamic pressure.) is no longer able to enter therefore ASI decreases to zero because pitot can no longer establish difference between ram and static air.

What to do if your pitot tube is blocked?

Turn on pitot heat to defrost ice.

Turn on alternate static port. Reads the pressure in the cabin.

How to determine if the static line is blocked and what to do if that happens?

VSI shoes no rate of change. Static air is trapped and uses the value of the trapped air

Turn on alternate static port.

When should you test your ELT (emergency locator transmitter)

first five minutes after each hour

When do you recharge or change ELT battery

after half its use you recharge it and after one cumulative hour you get it replaced

ARROW

Air worthiness certificate (inspected safe to fly)

Registration (One for who it’s registered under and another that it’s registered in the state)

Radio (radio station licenses) required for international flight

O (Pilot Operating Handbook PHO)

W (Weight and balance)

Va represents

(Velocity of acceleration) maneuvering speed below Vno pilots should be in this speed during turbulence

If an altimeter setting is not available before

flight, to which altitude should the pilot

adjust the altimeter?

The elevation of the departure area.

Prior to takeoff, the altimeter should be set

to which altitude or altimeter setting?

The current local altimeter setting, if available, or the

departure airport elevation.

If the pitot tube and outside static vents

become clogged, which instruments would

be affected?

The altimeter, airspeed indicator, and vertical speed

indicator. (Instruments with “arrows”)

The pitot system provides impact pressure

for which instrument?

Airspeed Indicator.

What should an owner / operator know

about Airworthiness Directives?

They are mandatory.

In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic

compass will normally indicate initially a

turn toward the east if...

A left turn is entered from a north heading.

In the Northern Hemisphere, a magnetic

compass will normally indicate a turn

toward the north if...

An aircraft is accelerated while on an east or west

heading.

During flight, when are indications of a

magnetic compass accurate?

Only in straight-and-level unaccelerated flight.

refer back to slides for pressure density and altimeter setting problems

Ambient air pressure,

also known as atmospheric pressure, is the pressure exerted by the air around us. It's the force the air molecules in the atmosphere exert on a surface. This pressure varies depending on altitude and other factors, such as temperature and weather patterns. Essentially, it's the pressure of the surrounding air at a specific location. Typically measured using a barometer.

ANDS stands for

acceleration north, deceleration south

caused by magnetic compass errors

UNOS stands for

undershoot north, overshoot south

caused by magnetic compass errors