theories and therapies mental health

What does psychoanalytic theory propose about personality?

Personality consists of id (pleasure), ego (reality), and superego (morality), with conscious and unconscious processes and defense mechanisms.

What are the three components of Freud's structural model?

Id, ego, and superego

What is the role of defense mechanisms in psychoanalytic theory?

Unconscious strategies used by the ego to reduce anxiety and protect the self from conflict or stressors.

What does psychodynamic theory emphasize about human behavior?

Early childhood experiences and unconscious processes shape current thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.

What is the focus of Sullivan's interpersonal theory?

Interpersonal relationships and social context as primary drivers of mental health and behavior.

What are the four phases of Peplau's interpersonal relations model?

Pre-interaction, Orientation, Working, and Termination phases guiding the nurse-client relationship.

What is classical conditioning according to Pavlov?

Learning by association where a neutral stimulus paired with an unconditioned stimulus elicits a conditioned response.

What is operant conditioning according to Skinner?

Learning through consequences—reinforcement strengthens behaviors and punishment weakens them.

What is the primary goal of behavioral therapy?

Decrease maladaptive behaviors and increase adaptive behaviors using conditioning-based strategies.

What is the central aim of cognitive therapy?

Identify and modify distorted or unhealthy thought patterns that drive unhelpful emotions and behaviors.

What defines cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)?

A blend of cognitive restructuring and behavioral techniques to build healthier thoughts and behavior patterns.

What do humanistic theories emphasize?

Client-centered growth, autonomy, and self-actualization within a supportive therapeutic environment.

What does Piaget's developmental theory address?

Cognitive development stages and tasks that influence thinking and learning across childhood.

What are Erikson's psychosocial stages about?

Lifespan crises/tasks (e.g., trust vs. mistrust) that shape personality and social development.

What does Kohlberg's moral development theory describe?

Progression from preconventional to conventional to postconventional levels of moral reasoning.

What does the biological theory of mental illness emphasize?

Brain-body relationships involving CNS/PNS structures and neurotransmitters influencing mental health.

What occurs in psychoanalytic therapy sessions?

Exploration of unconscious conflicts and patterns, including transference and countertransference dynamics.

What is transference in psychotherapy?

The client projects feelings about significant others onto the clinician during treatment.

What is countertransference in psychotherapy?

The clinician's emotional reactions toward the client based on the clinician's own history.

What characterizes effective individual therapy?

A trusting one-to-one relationship with mutually established goals and tailored interventions.

What is the primary purpose of group therapy?

Peer support and skill-building among multiple clients working toward common goals.

What is the aim of family therapy?

Improve communication, roles, and functioning so the family works as an effective unit.

What defines milieu therapy on a mental health unit?

A structured, safe environment that fosters therapeutic relationships and recovery using the least restrictive approach.

What are common telehealth modalities in mental health care?

Virtual video visits, telephone sessions, and online chat platforms for therapy delivery.

What are key nursing responsibilities related to therapies?

Implement interventions, provide clinical teaching, coordinate care, and maintain therapeutic relationships.

What nursing strategies support suicide prevention?

Assess warning signs, initiate prevention/safety measures, and ensure ongoing monitoring and support.

What are ACEs and PCEs in mental health?

Adverse and protective childhood experiences that influence risk, resilience, and mental health outcomes.

What are the three levels of prevention in mental health?

Primary (before illness), Secondary (early detection/treatment), and Tertiary (reduce disability, promote quality of life).

What is the id in Freud's structural model?

Primitive, unconscious drive for pleasure and immediate gratification; operates on the pleasure principle.

What is the ego in Freud's structural model?

Reality-oriented mediator that uses rational problem-solving to balance id impulses, superego demands, and external reality (reality principle).

What is the superego in Freud's structural model?

Internalized moral standards and ideals (conscience + ego ideal) that judge actions and strive for perfection.

Which treatments are classified as biological (somatic) therapies in mental health care?

Psychopharmacology (medications) and brain stimulation therapies (e.g., ECT, TMS).