Early Renaissance Art in Italy

Title: The Sacrifice of Isaac
Date: c.1401
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Submitted for the Florence Baptistery door competition.

• Quatrefoil shape

• Relief, lost to Ghiberti because of less drama, held the head in place

Characteristics of early Renaissance

1) Rebirth of Classical

2) Humanism

3) Science of looking

Title: The Sacrifice of Isaac
Date: c.1401
Artist: Lorenzo Ghiberti
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Won the 1401 competition for the Florence Baptistery doors.

• Relief quatrefoil shape

• Helped launch Ghiberti’s long career in bronze doors.

Title: Gates of Paradise
Date: c.1404–24
Artist: Lorenzo Ghiberti
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• East doors of the Florence Baptistery, commissioned by Lorenzo after winning againt Filipo Brunelleschiby

• Features ten large bas-relief panels depicting Old Testament scenes.

• Extremely intricate details with gilded bronze

Title: Tomb of Illaria del Carretto
Date: c.1406
Artist: Jacopo della Quercia
Culture: Sienese
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Commissioned for Illaria, whole thing made out off marble

• Dog symbolizes fidelity; protecting her for eternity in the after life

• Influenced + give inspirations the film sleeping beauty

Title: Il Zuccone
Date: c.1423–25
Artist: Donatello
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Realistic marble statue of the prophet Habakkuk.

• Wears an ancient Roman toga, the earliest idea of pockets

• Meant to be viewed from a worm’s eye perspective, commissioned for a bell tower

• Nicknamed pumpkin head, zuccone meaning zucchini

David
Date: c.1430–32
Artist: Donatello
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Sculpture in the round symbolizes Florence's civic pride (a little city above the big cities in terms of wealth and artistic creations)

• Depicts David after slaying Goliath.

• Lost-wax technique; cire perdu

Title: Erasmo da Narni (Gattamelata)
Date: c.1445–50
Artist: Donatello
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Nicknamed Gattamelata; honeyed cat

• Idea of composure and silent power, aura

• Took inspiration from Marcus Aurelius

Title: Mary Magdalene
Date: c.1454–1455
Artist: Donatello
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Made of wood (cheaper, more accessible)

• depicts Mary near the end of her life

• Commercial to stray people away from prostitution

Title: Madonna and Child
Date: c.1420
Artist: Lucca della Robbia
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Looking down, early Renaissance humanism

• Made with terracotta

• Use of gold and blue to show a sense of divinity, away from old depiction of aged young christ

Title: The Adoration of the Magi
Date: c.1423
Artist: Gentile da Fabriano
Culture: Florentine
Period: International Gothic
3 facts:

• 3 kings, 3 stages of human life

• Commissioned by Pazzi Strozzi

• Includes a predella with biblical events from the New Testament

Title: Madonna and Child Enthroned
Date: c.1424
Artist: Masaccio
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Shows the evolution of the Madonna and Child paintings

• Humanism

• Not obv but linear perspectives, realistic drapery

Title: Peter and the Tribute Money
Date: c.1427
Artist: Masaccio
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Iscocephaly of the heads,

• Peter is present multiple times

• Jesus is trying to calm and control the situation, attempting to create perspectives

Title: Young David
Date: c.1450
Artist: Andrea del Castagno
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Depicts David as a youth in motion. Hand holding a slingshot.

• Painted on a parade shield, for display

• Goliath's head symbolizes that David was victorious

Title: The Last Supper
Date: c.1445–50
Artist: Andrea del Castagno
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Early use of linear perspective

• Hard to distinct Jesus unlike the other Last Supper paintings

• Judas is isolated on the near side of the table. (betrayed Christ)

Title: Resurrection
Date: c.1463
Artist: Piero della Francesca
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Christ rises triumphant, central and calm.

• Elements from ancient Rome, limited gore to appease Italian audience

• Triangular composition guiding the viewer’s eyes to Christ

Title: Baptism of Christ
Date: c.1445
Artist: Piero della Francesca
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Emphasizes serenity, tranquillity, spiritual clarity and order with a very subtle lighting

• The characters in the background embodies early renaissance humanism

• Incorporates symbolism of the Holy Trinity. Dove symbolizes peace and the holy spirit

The Duke and Duchess of Urbino Federico da Montefeltro and Battista Sforza
Date: c.1475
Artist: Piero della Francesca
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Diptych emphasizes status

• Pale skin and a plucked high forehead embody the Early Renaissance beauty standard, wealthy (didnt have to do manual outside labour)

• Includes idealized landscape backgrounds. Symbolize influence

Title: Brera Altarpiece
Date: c.1475–80
Artist: Piero della Francesca
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• The ostrich egg symbolizes divine protection and resurrection

• Person kneeling in armour is Fedrico da Montefeltr,o symbolizing his religious devotion

• Commissioned to commemorate his wife

Title: Martyrdom of St. Sebastian
Date: c.1475
Artist: Antonio del Pollaiuolo
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Patron saint of the black death

• Limited gore to appease the Italian audience

• Themes of suffering

Title: Annunciation
Date: c.1440–45
Artist: Fra Angelico
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Corinthian style columns

• Shows Gabriel greeting Mary with grace.

• The garden symbolizes the virginity of Mary, untrampled

Title: Dome of Florence Cathedral
Date: c.1420–36
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi
Location: Florence, Italy
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Two layers of dome, one with wood, outside with concrete

• Proud symbol of florence independence and power

• Revolutionized Renaissance engineering.

Title: Ospedale degli Innocenti
Date: c.1419–24
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi
Location: Florence, Italy
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• Originally an orphanage

• Famous loggia (rounded arch)

• Mathematical rationality, perfection

Title: Pazzi Chapel
Date: c.1440
Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi
Location: Florence, Italy
Culture: Florentine
Period: Early Renaissance
3 facts:

• The idea of engulfment on the outside, compared to calmness on the inside.

• Emphasizes geometric harmony and balance.

• Corinthian style columns, architectural dome achievement

Sacred conversation

"Holy conversation" refers

to a depiction of the Virgin and Child (the

Virgin Mary with the infant Jesus) amidst a

group of saints in a relatively informal

grouping.

Condottiere

Italian military Leader