Socialism - State + Society

Marx and Engels' role of the state

They saw it as an instrument of capitalist oppression that must be overthrown. After revolution, it would be replaced by a dictatorship of the proletariat, which would wither away once communism was established.

Luxemburg's view of the state

She supported revolution but argued that a democratic communist state should replace capitalism rather than the state withering away immediately.

Webb's view on the role of the state

She believed in using the state to gradually transition to socialism through universal suffrage and elite administration.

Crosland's view of the state

He argued for a state managed by 'meritocratic managers' and 'classless technocrats' rather than a ruling elite guiding socialism.

Giddens' belief on the state's primary role

He argued for state investment in social infrastructure rather than direct economic intervention or social engineering.

Marx and Engels' view on capitalism's impact on society

They argued that capitalism corrupts society, creating class conflict where the ruling elite oppress the working class.

Luxemburg's perspective on class struggle

She agreed with Marx on capitalism's corruption but rejected the idea that capitalism needed to reach its final stage before a revolution could happen.

Webb's vision of a socialist society

She believed a socialist state would produce equality of outcome through central management.

Crosland's vision of society

He prioritized social justice through economic growth rather than strict equality of outcome.

Giddens' vision of society

He rejected traditional class conflict and instead promoted equality of opportunity and communal responsibility.

Least faith in the working class

Webb, who believed the working class lacked the intellectual ability to govern industry without guidance.

Democracy's role in socialism

Luxemburg, as she supported democratic elections and free speech in a socialist state.

Capitalism's exploitative tendencies reduction

Crosland, who believed state intervention had softened capitalism's harshest effects.

Which thinker believes in the reconciliation of capitalism with social justice

Giddens, through his 'Third Way' approach.