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Blood Pressure (Normal Range)
90/60 - 140/90
Hypertension Tx
ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Beta blockers, Calcium Channel Blockers, Regular Exercise, Dietary Changes.
Hypotension Tx
Increased fluid intakes, Salt intake, TED stockings, Gradual position changes.
Systolic
Represents the pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood out into the body.
Diastolic
Indicates the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats.
Orthostatic Hypotension
A drop in blood pressure when a person stands up from a sitting or lying position. The heart triggers a reflex response that increases heart rate and narrows blood vessels to maintain blood pressure. Individuals with orthostatic hypotension have this reflex response impaired, leading to a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing.
What Affects BP
Stress, age, family, gender, weight, smoking.
Medication that Affects BP
Antihypertensive (ACE, BB, CCB, Diuretic, vasodilators)
Pulse Normal Range
60-100 bpm
High Pulse
Tachycardia
Low Pulse
Bradycardia
Tachycardia Tx
Digoxin
Bradycardia Tx
Epinephrine
Characteristics of Pulse
Rate, Rythm, Strength, Equality
Pulse on Head
Temporal
Pulse on Neck
Carotid
Pulse on Chest
Apical
Pulse on Lower Bicep
Brachial
Pulse on Top of Wrist
Radial
Pulse on Bottom of Wrist
Ulnar
Pulse on Groin Crease
Femoral
Pulse behind Knee
Popliteal
Pulse on top of Foot
Dorsalis Pedis
Pulse by Achilles
Posterior Tibialis
What affects Pulse
Age, Activity, Temp, Pain, Hemorrhage, Postural changes, Pulmonary condition (COPD)
Respiratory Def.
Exchanging gasses in the body
Resp Normal Range
12-20 breaths per minute
High Breath Rate
Tachypnea
Low Breath Rate
Bradypnea
Resp Characteristics
Rate, Depth, Rhythm
What Meds affects Resp
Opioids, Bronchodilators
What cond. affects Resp
COPD, Asthma, Hypertension
What affects Resp
Exercise, Pain, Anxiety, Smoking, Body position, Neuro injury, hemoglobin.
O2 sats Normal range
95-100%
Low O2 in blood
Hypoxemia
Low O2 in tissue
Hypoxia
Temp Normal Range
36-38 C
Temp on Armpit
Axilla
Temp in Mouth
Oral
Temp on Head
Tympanic
Temp in Anus
Rectal
Temp on Surface of Body
Skin
High Temp
Hyperthermia
Low Temp
Hypothermia
Fever Med Tx
Antipyretic
Fever Tx
Up fluids, Cold compress to forehead, Loosen blankets/clothes