Unresolved tensions after World War 1

Balfour Declaration

British document that promised land in Palestine as homeland for Jews in exchange for help in World War I

Benito Mussolini

Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy.

Blackshirts

Members of Italian fascists before WWII led by Mussolini which solidify Mussolini's control.

Bolshevik Revolution

The overthrow of Russia's Provisional Government in the fall of 1917 by Lenin and his Bolshevik forces, made possible by the government's continuing defeat in the war, its failure to bring political reform, and a further decline in the conditions of everyday life.

Chiang Kai-shek

Took control of the Nationalist party in 1925 and initiated the Chinese Civil War when he attacked Mao's forces.

Kuomintang

The Chinese Nationalist party led by Sun Yat-sen.

Long March

The year-long, 6,000 mile retreat of Mao's forces into northern China after being attacked by Chiang Kai-shek's forces in 1934.

Manchuria

With a base in Korea, the Japanese moved into Manchuria and pushed out the Russians, Manchuria proved to be an invaluable foothold in China.

Mandate System

A system established through the League of Nations that allowed for the Allies to rule the colonies and territories of the Central Powers.

Mao Zedong

Leader of the Chinese Communist party and founder of the People's Republic of China in 1949.

March First Movement

A series of protests for Korean national independence from Japan that began on March 1, 1919.

May Fourth Movement

Anti-Japanese demonstrations held by Chinese intellectuals and workers beginning on May 4, 1919.

Mohandas Gandhi

Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance.

Pan-Arabism

An ideology that called for the unification of all lands in North Africa and the Middle East.

Rape of Nanjing

A six-week period following the Japanese capture of the Chinese city of Nanjing. During this period, hundreds of thousands of civilians were murdered and 20,000-80,000 women were raped by soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army.

Salt March

Organized by Mohandas Gandhi where many Indians protested the British tax on salt by marching to the sea to make their own salt.

Zionists

Those who supported a Jewish homeland.