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11 Terms

1
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Alkene
Add bromine water drop-wise at room temp. Positive test = decolourises bromine water.
2
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Haloalkane
AgNO3, CH3CH2OH, warm. Positive test(s) = white (chloroalkane), cream (bromoalkane), yellow (iodoalkane) precipitate.
3
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Carbonyl
2,4DNP. Positive test = orange precipitate.
4
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Aldehyde
Tollenā€™s reagent, warm. Positive test = silver mirror.
5
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Primary, secondary alcohol and aldehyde
K2Cr2O7, H+, warm. Positive test = colour change from orange to green.
6
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Carboxylic acid
Na2CO3(aq). Positive test= effervescence.
7
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Phenol
Two parts:

pH indicator/meter. Positive test = (pH
8
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CO3 2-
Dilute nitric acid. Positive test = effervescence. Can be further tested by bubbling through limewater (turns milky).
9
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SO4 2-
nitric acid (avoid false positive of carbonate)ā†’ barium nitrate. Positive test = white precipitate.
10
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Halide ions (X-)
HNO3, AgNO3. Positive test = white, cream or yellow precipitate.

Add dilute ammonia then concentrated ammonia. Chlorine precipitate dissolves in dilute, bromine precipitate dissolves in concentrated.
11
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NH4+
NaOH(aq), heat. Positive test = damp red litmus paper turns blue.