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11 Terms
1
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Alkene
Add bromine water drop-wise at room temp. Positive test = decolourises bromine water.
2
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Haloalkane
AgNO3, CH3CH2OH, warm. Positive test(s) = white (chloroalkane), cream (bromoalkane), yellow (iodoalkane) precipitate.
3
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Carbonyl
2,4DNP. Positive test = orange precipitate.
4
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Aldehyde
Tollen’s reagent, warm. Positive test = silver mirror.
5
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Primary, secondary alcohol and aldehyde
K2Cr2O7, H+, warm. Positive test = colour change from orange to green.
6
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Carboxylic acid
Na2CO3(aq). Positive test= effervescence.
7
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Phenol
Two parts:
pH indicator/meter. Positive test = (pH
pH indicator/meter. Positive test = (pH
8
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CO3 2-
Dilute nitric acid. Positive test = effervescence. Can be further tested by bubbling through limewater (turns milky).
9
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SO4 2-
nitric acid (avoid false positive of carbonate)→ barium nitrate. Positive test = white precipitate.
10
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Halide ions (X-)
HNO3, AgNO3. Positive test = white, cream or yellow precipitate.
Add dilute ammonia then concentrated ammonia. Chlorine precipitate dissolves in dilute, bromine precipitate dissolves in concentrated.
Add dilute ammonia then concentrated ammonia. Chlorine precipitate dissolves in dilute, bromine precipitate dissolves in concentrated.
11
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NH4+
NaOH(aq), heat. Positive test = damp red litmus paper turns blue.