Biology - Chapter 3 - Genetics

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

Haploid

Are normal cells haploid or diploid?

Diploid

What are chromosomes from the mother known as?

Maternal chromosomes

What are chromosomes from the father known as?

Paternal chromosomes

What is the first step of meiosis?

Replication of the parent cell

What is the second step of meiosis?

Chromosomes line up in the centre of the cell in pairs

What is the third step of meiosis?

Chromosome pairs are pulled apart and randomly distributed

What is the fourth step of meiosis?

Chromosomes line up in the centre again, but arms of the chromosome are pulled to each side of the cell

What is the final step of meiosis?

The cell splits again

What is a gene?

A small section of DNA that codes for a protein

What is the genome?

The entire set of the same genetic material in an organism

What are alleles?

Different versions of the same gene

What is homozygous?

Both alleles are of the same type

What is heterozygous?

Two different alleles

What is dominant?

The trait that is expressed (masks the other allele)

What is recessive?

The trait that is not shown unless both alleles are recessive

What is a genotype?

The collection of alleles that we have

What is a phenotype?

Characteristics that you get from your genotype

What is a nucleotide made up of?

Phosphate, sugar and base

What are the four types of bases?

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

What does adenine bind with?

Thymine

What does guanine bind with?

Cytosine

What does a triplet do?

Codes for a specific amino acid

What are nucleotides?

They are monomers for DNA

What is genetic code made up of?

A sequence of bases