1 chem

what is the law of conservation of mass

matter cant be created or destroyed

what does the mass of products of a chemical reaction have to be

equal to the mass of the reactant

what is a heterogenous mixture

sample of matter than is not uniform in composition

what would be an example of a heterogenous mixture

sand

what is extensive property

something dependent on the amount of material that is present

what is intense property

something NOT dependent on amount of material present

what would be an example of extensive physical property of matter

length

what is an example of the chemical properties of matter

flammability

what does it mean for something to be a chemical property

a property that cannot be measured w/o changing the substance

what type of property is heat

extensive physical property

why is heat considered an extensive physical property and not chemical property?

heat measures internal energy and depends on amount of substance present

why is the dissolving of sugar in water a physical change

remains as same substance, sugar just changes from a solid state to an aqueous one (state changed not composition)

what is an intensive property of a sample of neon gas

its temperature (since it doesn’t change based on amount)

what is an extensive property of the element Carbon

the mass of a carbon sample (since it changes based on how much you have)

what is this an example of: H2O → H2g + ½ O2g

a chemical change

what does a chemical change refer to

formation of a new substance(s) with new chemical properties (molecules changed); diff/new composition

what does a physical change refer to

change in appearance/state of matter, yet chemical identity stays the same (molecule stays same); same composition

what type of change is: solid ←→ liquid←→gas

physical change

what change (physical v chemical) is reversable

physical change

what are examples of physical changes

melting, dissolving, cutting

what are examples of chemical changes

gas, precipitation, color change

what is density defined as (equation)

mass divided by volume; m/v=

what type of property (intensive v extensive) is density

intensive property—remains constant regardless of the amount of substance you measure

what is the name for the SI unit for length

meters

How many significant figures does 48.050 have

5

what does non-zero refer to in sig figs

all numbers 1-9 are significant (ex. 412)

what does zero between numbers mean in sig figs

any 0 between number that is 1-9 is significant (ex. 104)

what does leading zero refer to in sig figs

0s @ beginning of a number (left of 1st non-zero) are only place holders, so NOT sig fig (ex. 0.0034—only 2 sig figs here)

what do trailing zeros refer to in sig figs

the 0s at the end of a number depends on if decimal point is present

ex. 50.0, significant vs 5000, NOT significant

what would be the correct way to write 98000 in scientific notation

9.8 × 10^4

are intensive properties considered independent or dependent

independent

are extensive properties considered independent or dependent

dependent

what are intensive properties be used for

identifying material type

what are extensive properties used for

measuring total quantity/energy

what are the basic units

meters, grams, liters, seconds, mol, concentration

what are atoms

the smallest points of matter made up of elements

what are molecules

a mixture of atoms

what is an isotope

a nonstandard number of neutrons; same number of protons but different neutrons (resulting in diff mass #)

how do you find naurons

protons - mass=n

what are ions

atoms w a non 0 charge; have different number of electrons from protons; add/sub e-

how to identify element on periodic table

atomic name, atomic symbol, atomic number—proton amount

how to find mass (amu)

protons + neutrons

how to find charge

protons - electrons

what does the atomic mass mean

the average mass of an element’s atom—amu g/mol

what is a CAT ion

proton > electron → positive ion

what is a AN ion

proton < electron → negative ion

in what direction of the periodic table does the proton amount increased

as you go down, protons gained—more metallic

in what direction is the volume of the elements read from that it begins to increase

top to bottom

in what direction is the volume of the elements read from that it begins to decrease

left to right—begins to lose metallic characteristics

what is a mole (mol)

measurement of the amount of atoms to translate between the atomic and real world

what is Avogardo’s number

represents number of particles in one mole of substance; dimensionless numeric value—6.022 × 10²³

what is an electron

negative charge

do electrons attract or repulse eachother

repulse

where are electrons found

in the electron cloud shells (rings)

do e- like being in a high or low energy state

low/lowest energy state

how many spin states do electrons have, are they different/same

2 different

what are electron orbitals

where electrons are fixed and the region of the atom which they are highly likely to be found

what are the 4 types of orbitals

s, p, d, f

what is an s orbital: shape, subshell, electron capacity, and energy

sphere/circle; one orbital per shell, 2 electrons, lowest energy in shell

what is a p orbital: shape, subshell, electron capacity, and orientation (axis)

dumbbell shape; 3 orbital types per shell; 6 electrons; each orbital is on a diff axis (x,y,z)

what orbital has 3 orbitals per shell starting from n=2 (x,y,z)

p orbital

what is a d orbital: shape, subshell, electron capacity

clover leaf; 5 orbital types per shell; 10 electrons

what is a f orbital: shape, subshell, electron capacity

very complex; 7 orbital types per shell, 14 electrons

2 e- and has 1 type of orbital, what is it

s

6 e- and has 3 type of orbital, what is it

p

10 e- and has 5 type of orbital, what is it

d

how many electrons fit in a s orbital and how many types does it have

2e- with only 1 type

how many electrons fit in a p orbital and how many types does it have

6e- with 3 types

how many electrons fit in a d orbital and how many types does it have

10 e- with 5 types

how many electrons fit in a f orbital and how many types does it have

14 e- with 7 types

what orbital is this?

S ORBITAL

what orbital is this

py, p orbital

what orbital is this

px orbital

what orbital is this

dxz

what orbital is this

dxy

what orbital is this

dx²y²

what is a valence e-

outermost shell, everything up to that point

what is the core e-

interior e-, doesn’t interact w anything

what do core electrons correspond to

noble gas configuration