L63b: disfunction of the salivary gland

MCQ: what is the medical terminology for protrusion of the eyeball?

1. proptosis

2. exophathalmos

3. buphthalmos

ptyalism

excessive secretion of saliva

what is another name for ptyalism?

hypersialosis

what are the causes of ptyalism?

1. stomatitis

2. encephalitis

3. heavy metal poisoining

what nerves are overstimulated during encephalitis leading to hypersialosis?

CN 7 and CN9

what are the portals of entry/pathways of spread for disorders of the salivary gland?

1. hematogenous

2. direct penetration from foreign objects

3. obstruction of excretory ducts

4. bite wounds

what is in saliva that acts as a defense mechanism?

1. iodine

2. mucus

3. antibacterial compounds (secretory IgA)

4. EGF (epidermal growth factors)

5. antimicrobial enzymes (lysozyme)

what are the categories that common disorders related to the salivary glands fall under?

1. inflammatory

2. degenerative

3. obstructive 

4. neoplastic

MCQ: what characterizes a ranula?

lined by epithelium

what can attempted incomplete regeneration of the gland from ductal epithelium be mistaken for?

neoplasia

what species do we see salivary gland infarction in?

dogs and cats

salivary gland infarction

necrosis due to ischemia from blocked blood vessels

what is the etiology of neoplasia of salivary glands?

idiopathic

what is the gross appearance of neoplasia of salivary glands?

firmness and swelling

what is the microscopic appearance of neoplasia of the salivary glands?

discrete foci of parenchymal necrosis with peripheral hemorrhage and inflammatory cells

what is neoplasia of the salivary glands composed of?

1. glandular or ductular elements

2. combination of epithelial and mesenchymal components

sialoliths

sloughed cells or inflammatory exudate forms a nidus for mineralization; degenerative/obstructive disorder

what are sialoliths are secondary to?

sialoadenitis

what is the sequelae of sialoliths?

ranula formation

what is the image showing?

sialoliths

salivary mucocele

degenerative/obstructive disorder in which pseudocysts are not lined by epithelium but filled with saliva

what are the causes of salivary mucocele?

1. idiopathic

2. traumatic rupture of the duct of a sublingual salivary gland

what happens when there is traumatic rupture of the duct of a sublingual salivary gland?

leakage and filling of saliva by reactive connective tissue leading to salivary mucocele

what is this image showing?

raunula

ranula

Cystic saliva-filled distention of the duct

of the sublingual or submaxillary salivary

gland

what is the cause of ranulas?

1. idiopathic

2. sialoliths

MCQ: What gross lesion is associated with inflammatory disorders of salivary glands?

swelling and edema

what will be seen with inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands?

1. swelling and edema

2. pain of palpitation

3. abcesses

what happens if there is an abscess in the retrotubular zygomatic gland?

proptosis due to increased pressure from abcess

what are abscesses secondary to in inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands?

migration of foreign bodies

what are the inflammatory disorders of the salivary glands?

1. sialodenitis

2. sialodacryodenitis

3. suppurative parotid sialodenitis

which species do we see suppurative parotid sialodenitis?

pigs

what bacteria causes suppurative parotid sialodenitis?

salmonella typhisuis

how is saliva spread to cause sialodentitis?

spread by bite wounds

while rare in vet med, when do we see sialoadentis?

1. rabies

2. canine distemper

what features will be seen in sialoadenitis?

1. focal necrosis

2. mononuclear cell inflammation

3. negri bodies in nuclei of ganglion cells

negri bodies (ICIB)

inclusion bodies (viral products) that will appear on the cytoplasm

what are some of the results from dysfunctional response to injury in salivary glands?

1. incomplete regeneration (from ductular epithelium)

2. atrophy

3. fibrosis

4. squamous metaplasia of secretory epithelium

what is the image showing?

squamous metaplasia

what is the blue box cell showing?

normal cuboidal cell of salivary glands

what is the pink box cell showing?

flattened squamous cell from squamous metaplasia

what is the green box cell showing?

blockage of salivary duct

how will atrophy of the salivary glands be seen histologically?

acinar cells collapse and smaller in size

what will squamous metaplasia of secretory epithelium lead to?

blockage of duct = development of saliva-filled cysts