4: Bacterial Cell Structure and Type

Flashcards about bacterial cell types, shapes, and structures.

What is a prokaryote?

Single-celled organisms whose cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

What is a eukaryote?

Single-celled or multi-cellular organisms who have a membrane-bound nucleus

What are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

DNA, Plasma membrane, Cell wall (plant/fungal cells)

What are the most common bacterial shapes?

Coccus, Bacillus, Coccobacillus, Vibrio, Spirillum, Spirochete

What are the functions of the cell wall?

Maintains shape and prevents cell from bursting

What are the sugars that compose peptidoglycan?

N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM)

What are the functions of Teichoic Acid?

Movement of ions and attachment site for bacteriophages

What are porins?

Proteins that form channels through the OM

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Separates cytoplasm from exterior

Describe the bacterial chromosome.

One circular chromosome (usually)

What is the function of ribosomes?

Protein synthesis

Name two types of inclusions.

Storage granules, vesicles

What is an endospore?

Resistant resting structure found in bacteria

What is the function of flagella?

For movement

What are the functions of pili?

Attachment and conjugation