Studied by 7 people
Proton-motive force
The potential energy stored in the form of a protein electrochemical gradient, generated by the pumping of hydrogen ions (H+) across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.
The complete or partial loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
A complex of several membrane proteins that functions in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion (proton) concentration gradient to make ATP. They are found in the inner mitochondrial membranes of eukaryotic cells and in the plasma membranes of prokaryotes.
Glycolysis followed by the reduction of pyruvate to ethyl alcohol, regenerating NAD+ and releasing carbon dioxide.
The production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain; the third major stage of cellular respiration.
A series of reactions that ultimately splits glucose into pyruvate. It occurs in almost all living cells, serving as the starting point for fermentation or cellular respiration
The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide , which temporarily stores electrons during cellular respiration. It acts as an electron donor to the electron.
An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to anaerobic respiration or fermentation if oxygen is not present.
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.
An energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a such as the synthesis of ATP. Under aerobic conditions, most ATP synthesis in cells occurs by chemiosmosis.
A metabolic sequence that breaks fatty acids down to 2-carbon fragments that enter the citric acid cycle as acetyl CoA.
A chemical cycle involving 8 steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules begun in glycolysis by oxidizing acetyl CoA ( derived from pyruvate) to carbon dioxide; occurs within the mitochondrion in eukaryotic cells and in the cytosol of prokaryotes; together with pyruvate oxidation, the second major stage in cellular respiration.
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose (or other organic molecules) without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
Substrate level phosphorylation
The enzyme-catalyzed formation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism.
