Studied by 3 people
2.1: TRF = Peruvian Amazon, Coral Reef = Andros Barrier Reef | 2.2 LIDC = Ethiopia, Major city in EDC = Istanbul
What percentage of the world’s bird species live in the Peruvian TRF?
[Val][En]
44%
What percentage of the world’s mammal species live in the Peruvian TRF?
[Val][En]
63%
What is the climate of the Peruvian TRF like?
- Avg. temp
- Avg. precipitation
Hot and wet:
- 28°C
- 2600mm
How many indigenous communities live within Peruvian TRF?
[Val][S]
63
How much money does the TRF contribute to Peru’s GDP?
[Val][Ec]
From tourism= $750 million - 4%.
What percentage of the world’s plant-derived cancer cures are found in TRF?
[Val][S]
75%
How many hydroelectric dams are planned to be built?
What is an advantage AND disadvantage of this?
[Peru TRF][En]
15 dams
Advantage: provides locals with jobs
Disadvantage: floods rainforest - destroying habitats, waste decomposes releases CO2
What could the consequences be of using the reserves of oil and natural gas for energy be?
[Peru TRF][En]
Oil leaks → pollution
Natural gas located in one of the most biodiverse parts of the rainforest → Roads and pipelines will cause deforestation, pollution & decreased biodiversity
What are the consequences of logging?
[Peru TRF][Threats][En+Ec]
97% of logging is illegal!
Provides locals with jobs
Water cycle effected - less evapotranspiration → less rainfall
Carbon cycle - less CO2 removed from atmosphere
CO2 released (carbon sink)
Loss of habitats → less biodiversity
What are the consequences of gold mining?
[Peru TRF][Threats][S+En]
large-scale deforestation and loss of minerals
mercury enters water sources → poisons animals & humans.
Where is the Purus-Manu Conservation Corridor located?
[Peru TRF][Management]
Southeast Peru, bordering Brazil in South America.
- Madre de Dios region.
What is the area of land protected by the Purus-Manu Conservation Corridor?
[Peru TRF][Management]
10 million hectares
How many forest concessions are there in the Purus-Manu Conservation Corridor?
Why are they there?
[Peru TRF][Management]
120 forest concessions
- Allow economic gain and jobs for locals
- Discourages illegal logging
Due to management, reduction in illegal logging has occurred in how many of the four river basins?
3/4
What are the characteristics for coral reefs?
[Andros CR]
Warmth - 18°C+ water
Shallow water (less than 25m deep) - corals feed on photosynthetic algae, which need light.
Clear water - sediment reduces light → affects coral’s ability to feed
Describe the interdependent relationship between zooxanthellae and polyps.
Polyps provide zooxanthellae with shelter and CO2, which it needs to photosynthesise.
Zooxanthellae provides coral with food (glucose, glycerol and amino acids) and oxygen.
Where is the Andros Barrier Reef located?
In Caribbean sea, east of Andros island of the Bahamas. Along Tropic of Cancer.
How many people in LICs worldwide rely on coral reefs for food?
[Val][S]
1 billion.
How much money does the Andros Barrier Reef provide to the Bahamas’ GDP?
[Val][Ec]
From Tourism = $150 million - 50%
What percentage of the world’s marine species live within coral reefs?
[Val][En]
25%
Where may cancer cures be found in a coral reef?
[Val][S]
chemicals released by coral
What effects can overfishing have on coral reefs?
[Andros CR][Threats][En]
Corals killed by physical contact from anchors; nets; boat hulls; hands/feet.
Overfishing one species impacts interdependent relationships and food chain.
What are the consequences of global warming on a coral reef?
[Andros CR][Threats][En]
Stress reaction in corals → expulsion of zooxanthellae → impacts nutrient flows → causes coral bleaching.
Food chain impacted.
What impact can land-based pollution have on coral reefs?
[Andros CR][Threats][En]
Decrease of light passing through the water reduces algae’s’ photosynthesis and corals’ ability to feed.
What does the Andros Westside National Park do?
[Andros CR][Management]
Western half of Andros Island - covers 1.5 million acres.
Areas of the reef are protected.
Fishing and scuba diving are regulated
What does the North Marine Park do?
[Andros CR][Management]
North Andros - 5000 acres
Protects coral reefs and parks on land
Sustainable fishing and eco-tourism.
What does the Crab Replenishment Reserve do?
[Andros CR][Management]
Central Andros - 4000 acres
Protects land where crabs burrow and deposit eggs
Support crab population (which is a food source in Andros)
What does the Coral Nursery do?
[Andros CR][Management]
Coral at risk of dying are cut and replanted in more ideal growing conditions.
Describe Ethiopia’s location
Include: Location in continent
Bordering countries
Impact on economic development
Ethiopia is a land-locked LIDC located in East Africa.
Some of the countries it is bordered by are Somalia, Kenya, South Sudan, and Sudan.
There is conflict in some of these neighboring countries which hinders the development of Ethiopia.
Being landlocked inhibits development as it is harder to trade.
Describe the landscape of Ethiopia
Include: the locations of the different landscapes
The impact of the landscapes on economic development
Ethiopia has highland regions with mountains reaching up to 4500m in the center and west of the country.
It is difficult to farm in due to the steep relief, which inhibits growth, development and employment. However, it does encourage some tourism
Ethiopia also has lowland regions in the south.
Here the land is fertile enough for agriculture, crops can be grown, providing employment. However, as livestock are limited to the lowlands agriculture can lead to overgrazing and desertification. Also most farming is subsistence farming, rather than employment.
There are arid regions in the east of Ethiopia. Here the land isn’t fertile enough to grow crops, this can lead to unemployment and starvation.
Describe the climate of Ethiopia
Include: locations
The impact of the climate on economic development
In the highlands the climate is cooler and wetter, supporting agriculture and coffee, cotton and grains grow well in the highland areas. These crops can be sold for trade.
The lowlands experience hotter and drier conditions and suffer from drought, soil erosion and desertification. These conditions inhibit grazing.
Describe the ecosystems of Ethiopia
Include: the impact of the ecosystems on economic development
Ethiopia has a variety of ecosystems:
The mountainous regions encourage tourism, leading to economic growth.
The deserts (arid regions) hinder development because they’re too dry and hot for agriculture
The forests and savannahs help development because the fertile soil can be used for agriculture.
Describe the natural resources of Ethiopia
Include: availability
Type
The impact of the resources on economic development
Ethiopia has small reserves of: gold, platinum, copper and natural gas.
However as Ethiopia doesn’t have the resources for extraction, these haven’t been extracted much or driven development yet.
Although there is one large-scale goldmine and mining contributes 21%+ of the total value of Ethiopia’s exports
However, as it is landlocked, were Ethiopia to extract its natural resources it would be difficult to export and trade them.
