Learning ch.8 : Operant learning punishment

Punishment

A decrease in the strength of a behavior due to its consequences. As a procedure, it means providing consequences for a behavior that decrease the strength of that behavior.

Positive punishment

A punishment procedure or experience in which a behavior is followed by the presentation of, or an increase in the intensity of, a stimulus.(additional if an aversive stimulus) Also called type 1 punishment.

Negative punishment

A punishment procedure or e experience in which a behavior is followed by the removal of, or a decrease in the intensity of, a stimulus. (removal of an desired stimulus) Also called type 2 punishment or penalty training.

Penalty training

Another term for negative punishment.

Response prevention

The procedure of altering the environment to prevent unwanted behavior from occurring.

Differential reinforement

Any operant training procedure in which certain kinds of behavior are systematically reinforced and others are not.

Differential reinforce of alternate behavior

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior that differs from an undesired behavior is systematically reinforced. The procedure provides an alternative way of obtaining reinforcement.

Differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior incompatible with an unwanted behavior is systematically reinforced.

Differential reinforcement of low rate

A form of differential reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced only if it occurs no more than a specified number of times in a given period.

Name four variables affecting punishment.

contingency, contiguity, punisher intensity, beginning level of punishment, availability of reinforcement for the punished behavior, alternative sources of reinforcement, deprivation level, and qualitative features of the punisher.

Describe the relationship between the level of reinforcer deprivation and the effectiveness of a punisher.

In general, the higher/greater the level of reinforcer deprivation, the less effective a punisher is.

What are the two processes of the two-process theory?

The two processes of the two-process theory are Pavlovian conditioning and operant learning.

What are the five problems that can arise with punishment?

The five problems that can arise with punishment are escape, aggression, apathy, abuse, and imitative use of punishment.