Microbiology: Bacteria

Treponema

Shape: spirochete Disease: Treponema pallidum: Syphilisis (Gram negatives spirochete)

Borrelia

Shape:Spirochete Disease: Borrelia Burgdoferi : Lyme disease, arthropod(tick) bone. (Gram negatives spirochete)

Leptospira

Shape: Spirochete Disease: Leptospira interrogans: Leptospirosis. (Gram negatives spirochete)

Vibrio

Shape: curved rod (vibrio) Disease: VIbrio cholerae : Cholera GI disease. (gram negative curved bacilli)

Campylobacter

shape: curved rod (s-shaped). Disease: Campylobacter jejuni: GI infections from contaminated meat or water, Guillain-Barre syndrome is a possible side effect (Gram negative curved bacilli)

Helicobacter

Shape: curved rod (helical shape). Disease: Helicobacter pylori : peptic acid ( gram negative curved bacilli )

Rickettsia

Shape: N/A. Disease: Rickettsia rickettsii : Rocky mountain spotted fever enter through vectors. ( gram negative obligate intracellular parasites)

Chlamydia

Shape: N/A. Disease: Chlamydia trachomatis : trachoma (blindness) , STD ( gram negative obligate intracellular parasites)

Chlamydophila

Shape: N/A Disease: Chlamydophila pneumoniae : pneumonia. ( gram negative obligate intracellular parasites)

Pseudomonas (obligate aerobe)

shape: bacillus disease: pseudomonas aeruginosa : produces pyocyanin (green) pigment, infection in burn patients , nosocomial infections, lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. (gram negative aerobic bacilli)

Legionella

shape : bacillus disease: legionella pneumophila: pneumonia (legionnaires diease) , intracellular pathogens. (gram negative aerobic bacilli)

Bordetella

Shape: bacillus disease : bordatella pertussis : pertussis (whopping cough) (gram negative aerobic bacilli)

burkholderia

shape: bacillus disease: burkholderia cepacia : cystic fibrosis patients likes moist surfaces (medical equipment ) (gram negative aerobic bacilli)

Escherichia

Shape: bacillus disease: normal GI tract O157:H7 strain :hemolytic uremic syndrome. (ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Salmonella

Shape: bacillus disease: salmonella enterica : typhoid fever, salmonellosis , food poisoning (ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Shigella

Shape: bacillus. disease : shiegella dysenteriae : shigellosis (dysentery)

(ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Klebsiella

Shape:bacillus disease: klebsiella pneumoniae : hemorrhagic pneumonia

(ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Serratia

Shape: bacillus disease: serratia marcescens : opportunistic UTI, respiratory infections colonies produce a red/pink pigment at room temperature (ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Proteus

Shape: bacillus. Disease: proteus vulgaris (opportunistic UTI)

Yersinia

Shape: bacillus Disease: yersinia pestis: plague

(ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Enterobacter

Shape : bacillus Disease : opportunistic UTI

(ENTERICS: the following are the gram negative bacteria that can live in intestines)

Fusobacterium

Shape: bacillus disease : gingivitis (other gram negatives)

Neisseria

Shape: diplococcus. disease: Nisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria meningitidis

(other gram negatives)

Haemophilus

Shape: pleomorphic bacillus. disease: haemophilus influenzae: meningitis, epliglottitis , otitis, URI. (other gram negatives)

Clostridium (obligate anaerobe)

Shape: bacillus Disease: Clostridium tetani: tetanus,

| clostridium perfringens: food poisoning , gas gangrene,

| clostridium botulinum: botulism ,

| clostridium difficile : pseudomembranous colitis (Gram positive bacilli ( endospore formers))

Bacillus

Shape: bacillus disease: bacillus anthracis : anthrax

| bacillus cereus : fried rice syndrome |

some species make antibiotics (Gram positive bacilli ( endospore formers))

Lactobacillus

Shape: bacillus disease : used in making yogurt , buttermilk, and sauerkruat; also found in vaginal flora ( Gram positive bacilli (non endospore forming))

Listeria

Shape: bacillus disease: listeria monocytogens : fetal pathogen , newborn meningitis; can live at refrigerated temperatures and cause food poisoning. ( Gram positive bacilli (non endospore forming))

Propionibacterium

shape: bacillus Disease: propionibacterium acnes: acne

( Gram positive bacilli (non endospore forming))

Gardnerella

Shape:bacillus Disease: gardnerella vaginalis: vaginosis/ vaginitis

( Gram positive bacilli (non endospore forming))

Streptococcus

Shape:cocci in chains. Disease: Streptococcus pneumoniae : alpha hemolysis, pneumonia, otitis media

streptococcus pyogenes: beta hemolysis, pharyngitis, necrotizing fasciitis, cellulitis, erysipelas;

streptococcus mutans : cavities

(Gram positive cocci)

Enterococcus

Shape: cocci in chains. Disease: vancomyin resistant Enterococcus(VRE)

(Gram positive cocci)

Staphylococcus

shape: cocci in clusters. Disease: staphylococcus aureus: folliculitis, scalded skin syndrome, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome

methicillin resistant staph aureus (MRSA)

vancomycin resistant staph aureus (VRSA)

staphylococcus epidermis: normal flora on skin

(Gram positive cocci)

Streptomyces

Shape: filamentous Disease: produce antibiotics

(other gram positive bacteria)

actinomyces

Shape:filamentous. disease: respiratory diseases, cavities

(other gram positive bacteria)

Corynebacterium

Shape:pleomorphic Disease: corynebacterium diphtheriae contain inclusions of the metachromatic granules. (other gram positive)

Mycoplasma

Shape:pleomorphic(no cell wall) Disease: mycoplasma pneumoniae: walking pneumoniae

fried egg appearance of colonies

(other bacteria)

Mycobacterium

Shape: bacillus. Disease: acid-fast

Mycobacterium tuberculosis :tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprae : leprosy

(Other bacteria)

Nocardia

Shape:bacillus Disease: acid-fast

respiratory diseases

also used to break down pollutants in lakes and landfills

(other bacteria)