APUSH Key Term 8/9

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test friday 10/11

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39 Terms

1
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Articles of Confederation

  • alliance adopted in 1781

  • established a weak central government with limited powers.

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Land Ordinance of 1785

  • Established a systematic process for selling western lands

  • promoting settlement and organization of new territories.

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Northwest Ordinance

Outlined the process for admitting new states from the Northwest Territory and established guidelines for governance and the prohibition of slavery.

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Shays’ Rebellion

  • uprising in Massachusetts led by Daniel Shays

  • highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

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Virginia Plan

  • proposal at the Constitutional Convention

  • suggested a strong national government with a bicameral legislature based on population.

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New Jersey Plan

  • alternative to the Virginia Plan

  • unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state

  • protecting smaller states' interests.

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Great Compromise (Connecticut Plan)

  • compromise creating a bicameral legislature

  • the House based on population

  • Senate providing equal representation.

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3/5th Compromise

  • agreement counting each enslaved person as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation purposes.

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Electoral College

  • body established by the Constitution that formally elects the President and Vice President

  • electors equal to congressional representation.

10
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Antifederalists

Opponents of the Constitution fearing a strong central government, advocating for individual liberties and the Bill of Rights.

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Federalists

  • Supporters of the Constitution

  • advocating for a strong national government and a unified nation.

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The Federalist Papers

A series of 85 essays promoting the ratification of the Constitution and explaining its principles.

13
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Republican Motherhood

  • belief that women teach civic virtue and responsibility to their children

  • contributing to democracy.

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Daniel Shays

  • former Revolutionary War soldier

  • leader of Shays’ Rebellion protesting economic injustices.

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Patrick Henry

  • An opponent of the ratification of the Constitution.

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James Madison

  • A key architect of the Constitution and the Bill of Rights

  • known as the "Father of the Constitution."

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Alexander Hamilton

  • first Secretary of the Treasury

  • advocating for a strong central government

  • establishing financial policies.

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John Jay

  • first Chief Justice of the United States

  • co-author of The Federalist Papers

  • known for negotiating Jay’s Treaty.

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Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution ratified in 1791, guaranteeing individual liberties and rights.

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Assumption

  • financial policy by Hamilton involving the federal government assuming state debts from the Revolutionary War.

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Tariff

  • tax on imported goods designed to protect domestic industries and raise government revenue.

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Excise tax

  • tax on the manufacture, sale, or consumption of certain goods, notably whiskey

  • leading to the Whiskey Rebellion.

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Strict construction

  • judicial philosophy interpreting the Constitution

  • limiting federal government powers to those explicitly stated.

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Bank of the United States

  • national bank established in 1791

  • stabilized and improved the nation’s credit

  • managed financial affairs.

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Battle of the Wabash

  • 1791 battle

  • American forces suffered a significant defeat against Native American tribes.

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Whiskey Rebellion

A 1794 uprising of farmers protesting an excise tax on whiskey, suppressed by federal troops.

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Neutrality Proclamation

  • declaration by President Washington in 1793

  • the U.S. would remain neutral in the conflict between Britain and France.

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Battle of Fallen Timbers

  • 1794 battle

  • U.S. forces defeated Native American tribes

  • leading to the Treaty of Greenville.

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Treaty of Greenville

  • 1795 agreement ending the Northwest Indian War and ceding territories to the United States.

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Jay’s Treaty

A 1794 treaty with Britain aimed at resolving issues from the Revolutionary War, criticized for not addressing all grievances.

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Pinckney’s Treaty

  • 1795

  • agreement with Spain establishing friendly relations

  • granting navigation rights on the Mississippi River.

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Farewell Address

  • George Washington's 1796 letter warning against political parties and foreign alliances

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XYZ Affair

  • 1797 diplomatic incident leading to an undeclared naval war known as the Quasi-War.

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Alien & Sedition Acts

  • A series of laws passed in 1798 limiting immigration

  • curbing dissent against the federal government.

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Virginia and Kentucky resolutions

  • Political statements

  • asserting states could nullify federal laws deemed unconstitutional

  • in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts.

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George Washington

The first President of the United States, setting many precedents and advocating for neutrality in foreign affairs.

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Edmond Genêt

A French diplomat whose actions during the French Revolution challenged American neutrality.

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John Adams

  • second President of the United States and a Federalist

  • significant in early republic foreign affairs.

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Charles Maurice de Talleyrand

  • French foreign minister whose actions during the XYZ Affair escalated tensions between the U.S. and France.