Literacy Foundations, Phonics, & Word Study

These flashcards cover the key concepts and terminology from the lecture on Literacy Foundations, Phonics, and Word Study.

The Simple View of Reading

Reading comprehension is the product of decoding and language comprehension.

Scarborough’s Reading Rope

A model that visually represents how different skills intertwine to build skilled reading.

Active View of Reading

Emphasizes the interaction between decoding, comprehension, and motivation.

Pre-Alphabetic Stage

Includes environmental print recognition and scribbling.

Partial Alphabetic Stage

Stage where a child begins to use invented spelling and letter-sound relationships.

Consolidated Alphabetic Stage

Stage that includes using metacognitive strategies for reading fluency.

Phonological Awareness

Awareness of all sound structures in spoken language.

Phonemic Awareness

Focuses specifically on individual sounds (phonemes).

Grammar Rules

Not part of phonological awareness.

Vowel Sound

Every syllable must contain at least one.

Open Syllables

End in a vowel, often with a long sound.

Closed Syllables

Usually have a short vowel sound ending with a consonant.

Vowel Team Syllable

Example is 'mountain'.

R-Controlled Vowels

Found in words like 'curtain'.

Schwa Sound

Usually heard in unaccented syllables, e.g., in 'nation' and 'active'.

Onset and Rime

Onset = letters before vowel; Rime = vowel + rest.

Alliteration

Repetition of the same beginning sound.

Consonant Blend

Two or three consonants where each sound is heard.

3-Letter Blend

An example is 'spr'.

Consonant Digraph

Two consonants that make one sound.

Digraph Example

The word 'ship' contains a digraph (sh) that makes a new sound.

Ph Digraph

In 'phone', represents /f/.

Blend and Digraph

An example is the word 'shrink'.

Knight Digraph

Contains one sound present (kn = /n/).

Morpheme

Smallest unit of meaning.

Three Morphemes Example

The word 'repainting' has 3 morphemes.

Free Morphemes

Can stand alone.

Bound Morphemes

Must attach to a root.

Inflectional Morpheme Example

The -s in 'cats'.

Derivational Morpheme Example

The -ness in 'kindness'.

Inflectional Morphemes Change

Change tense or number.

Derivational Morphemes Change

Change part of speech or meaning.

Derivational Suffix

Example found in the word 'specialize'.

Derivational Change Example

'Happy' → 'Happiness'.

Root in 'Unstoppable'

The root is 'stop'.

Morphology Studies

Word parts and how they create meaning.

Inflectional Change Example

'Child' → 'Children'.

Free Morphemes Need

Free morphemes do not need prefixes or suffixes.

Word Combining Example

unhelpfully = un + help + ful + ly.