HOA 3: MODULE 1 - SRI LANKA ARCHITECTURE

Great Islamic gardens

Shalimar Garden in Lahore, one of the finest surviving ensembles

Humayun's Tomb

• Built by the widow Hamida Banu Begum, for her deceased husband, nine years after his death.

• 1s example of Mughal architecture in India and 1st garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent

The Lahore Fort (Shahi Qila)

• Citadel complex started by Akbar

• Located in the waled city of Lahore in Punjab,

  Pakistan

• 21 notable monuments

• Built almost entirely in the 17th century at the

  height of the Mughal empire

Lahore

Royal (in Punjab)

Old Delhi Red Fort

• Seat of the Mughal Empire

• Huge, red sandstone walls, which stand 33 m.

  high in some parts.

• Walls were built to keep out invaders during

  the reign of the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan

  in the reign of the Mughal Emnperor Shah Jahan

Ustad Ahmad Lahori

constructed the Taj Mahal

Diwan-i-Aam

Hall of Audience in the Red Fort; Where the emperors received members of the general public and heard their grievances

Jharoka

Marble canopies

Agra Fort

• Foundation was laid by emperor Akbar in

  1565 AD

• Made of red-sandstone

• Houses the Pearl mosque and Jahangir

  Palace or the Khas Mahal, built by Shah Jaha

Taj Mahal (Palace of the Crown) of Agra

• Erected by Shah Jahan in memory of his

  beloved queen, Arjumand Banu Begum

• Construction started a year after her death in

  1631 and was complete in 22 years.

• Palace of the Crown; Pearl of India

Mumtaz Mahal (Mausoleum)

Erected by Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved queen, Arjumand Banu Begum, called _______.

Charbagh

• plan is entirely consistent and is known as a concept of garden design that first developed in Persia but was taken to an apex by the Moguls

Iwan

Two-storey passageway; Acts as a connection between the various parts of the bldg. or as an entrance

India

under the control of European colonial powers through trade and conquest.

INDO-SARACENIC

mixture of Hindu, Islamic and Western elements)

Se Cathedral

the cathedral of the Latin Church Archdiocese of Goa and Daman and the seat of the Patriarch of the East Indies

St. Francis Church

built by Portuguese in 1510, is considered as the first church built by Europeans in India

VICTORIA MEMORIAL

• Location: Calcutta (Kolkata)

• Built between 1906 and 1921 by the British government

• Made of marble

• Dedicated to the memory of Queen Victoria,

  Empress of India from 1876 to 1901.

• largest monument to a monarch

  anywhere in the world

SANTHOME BASILICA

• Location: Chennai (Madras)

• National Shrine of St. Thomas

• Parts of the present structure dates to 1523

  AD, when it was rebuilt by the Portuguese

  over the tomb of Thomas the Apostle

  (Doubting Thomas)

• Rebuilt by the British in the late 19th-century

  style of Gothic Revival architecture

GREAT INDIAN PENINSULAR RAILWAY

• Was incorporated on 1 August 1849

• It was meant for the purpose of increasing

  the export of cotton, silk, opium, sugar and

  spices

• Labeled as a Class I railway according to

  Indian Railway Classification System of 1926

Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus

• Oldest train station in India; UNESCO WHS; designed by a British born architectural engineer Frederick William Stevens from an initial design by Axel Haig

Forest Research Institute

• Dehradun, India

• Greco-Roman Architecture

• Designed by C.G. Blomfield

• Main building was inaugurated in 1929 by then Viceroy Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon.

Festival of PERAHERA

devoted to the glory of the Warrior God, Skandha

Dharma-Dipa

the island of the Buddhist doctrine

ADAM'S PEAK

sacred mountain

Sree Padafoot (Sacred Footprint)

• mark of Lord Shiva; For Buddhists, it is the footprint of Lord Buddha; Muslims and some Christians believe Adam first stepped down onto earth

DAGOBA

SARIRIKA

bodily relics of Buddha

PARIBOSIK

objects associated with the Buddha

Anuradhapura Period

• First capital

• Strategically situated (major ports in the

  northwest and northeast; surrounded by irrigable and fertile land)

• One of the most progressive centers of

  political power and urban life in South Asia

SIGIRAYA

Ancient mountain fortress; City on a rock hill capital was built by Sinhalese King Kassapa I (477-95)

Sinhagiri (Lion Gate)

located a third of the way to the top; This is the Lion's platform with its giant lion paws

Thuparama Dagoba (3rd c)

Ruwanveli Saya Dagoba (2nd c B.C.)

ABHAYAGIRI DAGOBA

• Founded as a vihara (monastery), in 88 B.C. by Sinhalese King Vattagamini.

• Monumental structure 50 ft. higher than St. Paul's Cathedral

Jethawana Dagoba

Golden Temple of Dambulla

• sacred pilgrimage site for 22 centuries.

• cave monastery

• comprises 5 sanctuaries with impressive

  Buddhist mural paintings and 157 statues

Polonnaruwa Period ( 11th - 13 c AD)

Hydraulic engineering

construction of village water tanks, large reservoirs and irrigation canals.

KIRI VIHARA

GAL VIHARA Rock Temple (12th c. )

• Also called Uttararama or rock monastery

• Supreme achievement of Sinhalese sculptors.

Four colossal Buddha figures

carved out of rock, originally enclosed to form a shrine

Polonnaruwa Vatadage

vatadäge

• type of Buddhist structure found in Sri Lanka; Also known as a dage, thupagara, or a cetiyagara. Circular relic-house; built in

• stone and brick; Development of a STUPA

• covered by a roof; Pillared building around a small STUPA provided with 4 entrances and 4

  Buddha images placed at the cardinal points

sandakada pahana

also called a moonstone, this is an elaborately carved semi-circular stone slab, usually placed at the bottom of staircases and entrances

Kandyan Period (15th - 19th c AD)

• Divided into several kingdoms with its capital at Kandy (Kandenuwara - hill city)

British

succeeded in annexing the Kandyan kingdom in 1815 until 1947 (Independence)

Maha Wasala

The King's Palace or Raja Wasala has:

• Central gateway

• hall resplendent with intricate stucco and terracotta embellishments

• long wings flank either side, housing

  chambers

Queen's Bathing Pavilion

• is positioned south of the revered Temple of

  the Tooth.

• This was under the patronage of King Sri Wickrama Rajasinha, who designated it as a haven for his queens

Dalada Maligawa

• Also called Temple of the Tooth

• Oldest part shrine which stands in the

  inner courtyard on high oblong stone

  plinth carrying stone pillars with carved

  wood capitals.