Social Identity Theory

The core principle of Social Identity Theory

Prejudice and discrimination occur naturally from simply forming groups, without any need for resource competition.

The definition of Social Categorization

The first stage of SIT where individuals automatically arrange people into clear mental boundaries of in-groups and out-groups.

The definition of Social Identification

The second stage of SIT where an individual absorbs the identity, norms, and cultural values of their chosen in-group into their self-concept.

The definition of Social Comparison

The final stage of SIT where an individual boosts their self-esteem by contrasting the in-group favorably against the out-group.

The definitions of In-group Favoritism and Out-group Derogation

Favoritism is treating your own group members better; derogation is actively demeaning out-group members to lower their social standing.

The core principle of Realistic Conflict Theory

Intergroup hostility and negative stereotyping are driven explicitly by structural competition between groups over limited, valuable resources.

The definition of Negative Interdependence

A zero-sum competitive dynamic where one group can only win or secure resources at the direct expense and loss of another group.

The definition of Positive Interdependence

A cooperative dynamic where both groups must abandon hostility and work together to achieve shared superordinate goals.

How Right-Wing Authoritarianism affects prejudice

High RWA creates a rigid submission to traditional authority and a fear of out-groups disrupting societal order, escalating prejudice.

How Social Dominance Orientation affects prejudice

High SDO makes individuals view the world as a harsh hierarchy, driving a desire for their own group to dominate minority out-groups.

How economic situation alters prejudice levels

Widespread economic instability creates relative deprivation, causing dominant groups to use minority groups as convenient scapegoats.

The Key Question for the Social Approach

How understanding social psychology theories can help explain and ultimately reduce the real-world issue of football hooliganism.