Thinking and Intelligence

A set of question and answer flashcards based on the lecture notes on thinking and intelligence.

What is intelligence according to the lecture?

A set of cognitive skills including abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge.

Who proposed the concept of 'g' or general intelligence?

Charles Spearman.

What are the two components of intelligence according to Cattell and Horn?

Crystallized intelligence and Fluid intelligence.

What does crystallized intelligence refer to?

Acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it.

What does fluid intelligence refer to?

The ability to see complex relationships and solve problems.

What are the three types of intelligence identified by Robert Sternberg?

Practical, creative, and analytical intelligence.

What is analytical intelligence?

The ability to problem-solve and compute academically.

What characterizes creative intelligence?

Imaginative and innovative problem solving.

What is practical intelligence?

Street smarts and common sense.

What are Howard Gardner's eight intelligences?

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, bodily kinesthetic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic.

What does emotional intelligence include?

The ability to understand and manage emotions in oneself and others.

What is the difference between convergent and divergent thinking?

Convergent thinking leads to a single correct solution, while divergent thinking generates multiple ideas to solve a problem.

What is the Remote Associates Test (RAT)?

A test requiring participants to find a fourth word that relates to three given words.

What is functional fixedness?

The inability to think of uses for an object other than its intended use.

What did Alfred Binet develop in the early 1900s?

An intelligence test for children to identify those who may struggle in school.

What is the purpose of standardization in intelligence testing?

To ensure a consistent manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results.

What is the Flynn effect?

The observation that each generation scores higher on IQ tests than the previous one.

What did Wechsler add to the definition of intelligence?

The global capacity of a person to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with his environment.

What is the significance of the bell curve in intelligence testing?

It represents the normal distribution of scores in the population.

What is the average IQ score according to the lecture?

100.

What does the nature perspective on intelligence suggest?

That intelligence is inherited from one's parents, often supported by twin studies.

What does the nurture perspective on intelligence imply?

That intelligence is shaped by the developmental environment of the child.

What is a learning disability?

Cognitive disorders that affect different areas of cognition, particularly language or reading.

What is dyslexia?

An inability to correctly process letters, commonly leading to difficulties in reading.

What does Range of Reaction suggest about intelligence?

Each person's response to their environment is unique based on genetic makeup.

What problems may children with dyscalculia face?

They may struggle with learning or comprehending arithmetic and difficulty memorizing math facts.