Molecular Biology and Protein Synthesis

These flashcards cover key concepts related to molecular biology, focusing on DNA, RNA, transcription, and translation processes.

In RNA, Uracil pairs with __.

adenine

The process to go from DNA to mRNA is __.

transcription

The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called __.

translation

DNA holds the code for __.

protein

Choose the RNA sequence complementary to DNA strand GTAGTCA: __.

CAUCAGU

The main function of tRNA is to __.

bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes

What is the location in the cell for translation? __.

ribosome in cytoplasm

What process is going on in this photo? __.

translation

Which component of DNA determines the traits of an organism? __.

nitrogen bases

What is the three‑base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid? __.

codon

What is the location in the cell for transcription? __.

nucleus

Translation is the process where __.

mRNA is decoded to form a protein

Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter? __.

YES!

What is the name of the enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA? __.

DNA helicase

What process is happening in the diagram? __.

DNA replication

Because each daughter DNA uses one old strand, DNA replication is said to be __.

semi‑conservative

Match the nitrogenous base with its complementary base (DNA to DNA). Adenine – __.

thymine

Match the nitrogenous base with its complementary base (DNA to DNA). Cytosine – __.

guanine

Which enzyme is responsible for adding free nucleotides to replicating DNA? __.

DNA polymerase

Which molecule carries the genetic instructions from DNA to the ribosome? __.

mRNA

What is the role of ribosomes in protein synthesis? __.

to translate mRNA into proteins

Which of the following is a start codon in mRNA? __.

AUG

Which is the correct order of these processes? __.

Replication → Transcription → Translation

Which of the following sequences is mRNA? __.

AUGCGAU

Which of these is an anticodon for the mRNA codon AUG? __.

UAC

Which description best matches transcription? __.

synthesizing RNA from DNA

Where does transcription occur in the cell? __.

nucleus

DNA has a strand; RNA has a strand. __.

double; single

Which type of bond allows DNA to be readily replicated? __.

hydrogen bond

Which two molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder? __.

deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate

What does DNA stand for? __.

deoxyribonucleic acid

What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand UGG‑ACU‑CGA‑GUG? __.

Tryptophan‑Threonine‑Arginine‑Valine

What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA strand AUU‑AAG‑UGC‑GGG? __.

Isoleucine‑Lysine‑Cysteine‑Glycine