Atlantic Revolutions key concepts and terms

revolutions

Enlightenment ideas

invidualism, nationalism and natural rights

Major people in the enlightenment

John Locke, Tohmas Hobbes, Voltaire

Causes of the American Revolution

High taxes without colonies representation in Parliament and Britian making strict policies on trade

American revolution ties to enlightenment

Influenced by enlightenment ideas and teachings of overthrowing unjust government

American Revolution Legacy

Created the Declaration of Independence and a democracy and Bill of Rights to protect natural rights and inspired other revolutions

Causes of the French Revolution

France in Debt, High taxes to the poor, natural disasters and increase in price of bread, Louis XVI called for meeting of the estates general

National Assembly

Third Estate declared itself the National Assembly and wrote declaration of rights of man in 1789

Storming the Bastille

a violent revolt where the French stormed the prison, freed prisoners, beheaded officials and led the country into revolt

Impact of Catholic Church in the French Revolution

loss of power of the church and violence and reject their power

Reign of Terror

Led by Robespierre where anyone was beheaded by the guillotine for being suspected of being anti French rev. ended when Robespierre was beheaded

Napolean

A general who rose to power and made himself emperor in 1799. brought economic and political changes

changes by Napolean

Efficient tax collection system, jobs based on merit, Napoleonic code, concordat to improve relations with church

Napoleonic wars

conquered nearly all of Europe, everywhere he and his troops went they ended feudalism, promote equal rights, and religous tolerance and modernize gov’t

Napolean Defeat

Continental system, Peninsular war, Invasion of Russia

Continental system

Napolean tried to blockade Britain to hurt econ. but Britian has a better navy, so it doesn’t work

Peninsular war

Fight with Spain and Portugal and drain French resources

Failed Invasion of Russia by Napolean

used non-French troops with not a lot of loyalty, Russian scorched earth policy, harsh winter

Napoleans punishment

Exiled to Elba

Battle of Waterloo

Napolean returned and fought Britian and Russia and end up sent to St. Helena

Congress of Vienna 1815-1820

meeting by leaders and monarchs: Purpose was to prevent future French aggression, restore balance of power and restore royal families to throne

Leader of Haitian Revolution

Toussiant L’Ouverture was a brilliant general

Results of Haitian revolution

declare independence in 1801, reject hierarchies, end plantation system, and became first independent nation state ruled by people of African descent

Creole

People in Latin American colonies with Spanish or Portuguese descent

social structure

Divisions based on race and birthplace with Europeans and people of European descent at the top and natives at the bottom

Causes of Latin American Revolutions

driven by inequalities and inspired by other revolutions

Simon Boliviar

military revolution fought Spanish forces and made a short lived “Gran Colombia” modeled after the US, he had support of Haiti

Jose de San martin

liberal revolutionary that fought Spanish forces in south Latin America