12 - Research Methods in Health Science Knowledge Translation/Presenting Science

What is knowledge translation?

Synthesis, dissemination, exchange of knowledge

Goal of knowledge translation in health sciences?

Provide more effective health services and products and strengthen the healthcare sytstem

What is knowledge translation about for new people?

Make new people aware of knowledge and help guide what they can do with this info

Knowledge translaiton serves to close what gap?

Between what we know and what we do

How should reserach be infomred by in knowledge translation?

Current available evidence and experiences/information based on needs of users

Name the 5 audience types for knowledge translation?

• Researchers

• Policymakers, planners, managers (public health workers)

• Health care providers

• General public (patients)

• The private sector

What is the aim of KT if by itself it does not lead to widespread adoption or impact health?

Start to move pre existing knowledge into actual action

What are some examples of factors that influence the usage of research

• How avaiable research results are made (how reviewable by practitioners too)

• Resources available to implement these findings

• Relevance of research to decisions being made

• Timeliness (how needed is it in this time)

• Quality/credibility of evidence

Who do we seek to be affected most by knowledge translation?

• Patients/practitioners

• Health reserachers

• Policy makers and health administraotrs

Health information gap - what are some examples of those not getting treatment needed?

• Patients not getting treatments that knowledge translation has proven to be effective

• Patients getting care that is not needed or potentially harmful

• If more adoption of known policy therapies and known knowledge - cancer outcomes can be improved

What are some reasons for the policy gap between policy makers and researchers?

• Speed of reserach

• Feasibility of proposed solutions

• How to utilize the research

• Difficulty framing researchable questions

5 Steps in Knowledge Translation Process?

1. Research

2. Publish

3. Develop

4. Disseminate

5. Evaluate

What is the push/knowledge driven model in KT?

Reserachers are responsible for the KT

What is the pull model in KT?

Problem solving model - decision makers are responsible

What is the interactive model in KT?

Emphasizing importance of reciprocal relationships between knowledge producers and the knowledge users

What are the five questions in the Lavis KT framework?

1. What is the message?

2. Who is the audience?

3. Who is the messenger?

4. What is the delivery method?

5. What is the intended effect?

What are exmaples of KT approaches?

Research reports, peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations

What does IMRAD stand for in scientific writing?

Introduction, methods, results and discussion

What should be considered when writing scientific papers to convery data clearly?

Whether to separate results/discussion (usually we do), use graphs/data

List 3 best practices for scientific graphs

1. No shaded backgrounds or gridlines

2. Use tick marks - show data points

3. Label axes and keep font size consistent

Why remove automatic titles from graphs in journals?

Titles will go below the graph

Why is publishing reserach important?

Key method of KT - ensure peer review - measures impact

What motivates authors to publish?

Dissemination, career advancement, funding, ego, patent proteciton

What are key steps in publishing in journals?

Pick a journal, follow structure, write scientifically, follow submission guidelines

What happens during the peer review process?

Review of manuscripts by editors and 2+ reviewers

revisions made and final decisions are issued

What are common flaws in the peer review process?

Biases, delays, overworked reviewers, preference for positive topics

What are common types of journal submissions?

Full articles, short reports, reviews, editoials

What qualifies someone for authorship?

Contribution to design, writing/revising, and approval of final manuscript

What are the advantages of poster presentations at conferences?

Less intimidating, good skill building, interactive, suitable for preliminary results

What are the challenges of oral presentations at conferences?

More academic weight, require more confidence/presentation skills

Who was Jamed Lind and what was his study?

Naval doctor conducted one of the first controlled trials in 1747 - find cure for scurvy

What treatments were tested by Lind and which worked?

Treatments include - cider, vinegar, seawater - problem - oranges/lemons cured scurvy

How long did it take for the results of Lind’s study to be applied?

Nearly 50 years - lemon juice was officially ordered for ships in 1795