Unit 2.5 Honors Biology

Phospholipid

A lipid with a polar head and a nonpolar tail, create the phosopholipid bilayer

Hydrophilic

Water loving

Hydrophobic

Water fearing

Cholesterol

Helps maintain fluidity and stability in the membrane *waxy

Polar

Uneven distribution of electron density making there become two poles

Non-polar

Even distribution of electron density, no positive or negative so no poles

Extracellular

Outside the cell

Cytoplasm

Jelly-like substance filling the cell, intracellular, inside the cell

Glycolipid

Help with cell recognition and cell to cell communication along wit signaling and stability

Glycoprotein

Aid in cell recognition in the immune response

Selective permeability

To choose what comes in and stays out of the cell

Integral proteins

Permanently embedded in the cell membrane, cell signaling, structural support, and enzyme activity

Peripheral protien

Permanently embedded in the phosopholipid bilayer, cell adhesion, structure, and transport

Cell surface markers

Proteins that aid the cell to cell communication

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration

Osmosis

The transport of water molecules through the membrane that does not require energy

Passive transport

Ovement of molecules across the cell membrane from high to low concentration, does not require energy

Concentration gradient

The region along which the density of a substance increases or decreases

Equilibrium

State of balance between opposing forces

Active transport

Moving something against its concentration gradient using energy (ATP)

Sodium Pottasium pump

The active transport where the sodium is pushed out of the cell and te pottasium is pushed in the cell using ATP (cannon)

Endocytosis

Movement of something into the cell using vesicles

Exocytosis

Release of substance out of the cell by vesicle fusion

Phagocytosis

Cell eating- cell absorbs/surrounds large solid particles

Pinocytosis

Cell drinking- movement of liquids into the cell

Phospholipid bilayer

creates the boundary for the cell

Protein receptor site

bond and recognize to specific messenger molecules

Protein channel

large openings that polar/big molecules move through

Protein carrier

molecule helps specific molecules go through the membrane

Microfillament

inside the membrane helps cell movement, structure,adhesion

Hypotonic animal cell

Less solute, lysed

Hypotonic plant

Less solute, turgid

Isotonic

The same, flaccid for plant cell

Hypertonic animal

More solute, cremated

Hypertonic plant

More solute plasmolysed