RT 203 LEC MIDTERMS

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 1 person
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/87

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

88 Terms

1
New cards

density

amount of overall blackness produced on the image after processing

2
New cards

density

a radiograph must have sufficient _______ to visualize the anatomic structure of interest

3
New cards

mAs

main controlling factor of density

4
New cards

mAs

controls the current, no. of electrons, and responsible for patient dose

5
New cards

direct

relationship of mAs and px dose

6
New cards

direct

relationship of mAs and density

7
New cards

focal film distance (ffd)

the distance measured from the focal spot to the recording medium (x-ray film)

8
New cards

focal film distance (ffd)

in most diagnostic x-ray, the _______ is standardized for all procedures

9
New cards

sid

focal film distance is also called as _______

10
New cards

40 to 42 inches

standard ffd for general radiography

11
New cards

70 inches

standard ffd of the thoracic cavity

12
New cards

inverse

relationship of density and distance

13
New cards

inverse

relationship of mAs and distance

14
New cards

kilovoltage peak (kVp)

the force applied to accelerate (push) the electrons from the cathode to the anode at the time of exposure

15
New cards

kilovoltage peak (kVp)

if it was appropriate to select one factor, _______ would be the most significant factor in the production of x-ray and radiographs.

16
New cards

quality

kvp has a significant effect on the ________ of the photons in the x-ray beam

17
New cards

energy

the ______ of the x-ray beam is determined by the kvp made at the control panel

18
New cards

direct

relationship of kVp and density

19
New cards

15 % kVp rule

an increase in 15% in the kVp will approximately double the intensity, therefore the mAs must be decreased by a factor of 2

20
New cards

divided by 2

if kVp + 15%, mAs is ______

21
New cards

multiplied by 2

if kVp - 15%, mAs is ________

22
New cards

(in pathology) destructive processes

___________ of the skeleton may be demonstrated by increased density readings

23
New cards

decrease in radiation absorption

bone tissue that has been destroyed by a disease process results in __________; it is demonstrated by an area of increased density

24
New cards

increased

exposure factors must be ________ for diseases that cause an increase in tissue density

25
New cards

decreased

exposure factors must be _______ for destructive diseases such as emphysema or osteoporosis

26
New cards

direct

relationship of activity of the solution and density

27
New cards

hyperactive

when the activity of the solution is __________, it will create more density in the film

28
New cards

decreased

processing time must be _______ to avoid overdeveloping the film

29
New cards

direct

relationship of processing time and density

30
New cards

intensifying screens

are cardboard or plastic base structures that are usually found as pairs inside the cassette

31
New cards

intensifying screens

converts x-rays into light rays that is used in image production; also intensifies the actions of the x-ray

32
New cards

decreased

slow intensifying screen = _______ density

33
New cards

increased

fast intensifying screen = _______ density

34
New cards

CAWO4 / Calcium Tungstate

a chelate natural tungstate, low speed (300-400), thomas edison

35
New cards

barium lead sulphite

used mostly in high kVp factors, 300-400 speed level

36
New cards

zinc sulfide

used mostly in low kVp factors

37
New cards

rare earth screens

high speed screens ranging from 900-1000

38
New cards

examples of rare earth screens

gadolinium oxysulfide, lanthanum oxysulfide, yttrium tantalate

39
New cards

film emulsion

active layer of the film; heart of the x-ray film

40
New cards

film emulsion

site of latent image production

41
New cards

light and radiation

film emulsion is activated by ______________ to create image

42
New cards

sensitive

film emulsion is ________ to both light and radiation

43
New cards

heel effect

the intensity of the beam is less on the anode side of the beam

44
New cards

focal spot area

x-rays originate from the _______ and travel in all directions

45
New cards

useful beam

the _______ consists of those photons exiting from the focal spot area and traveling through the tube port or window

46
New cards

heel

the lowermost portion of anode

47
New cards

less thick

parts that are ______ must be facing the anode part of the tube as it has lesser intensity; prevents overexposure

48
New cards

inverse

relationship of mAs and sid

49
New cards

decrease

when you move your x-ray tube away from your subject, the intensity of mAs will __________

50
New cards

inverse square law

radiation intensity will vary inversely with the square of the distance from the source

51
New cards

4

as the square of the distance increases, the beam intensity will decrease by a factor of ______

52
New cards

definition

describes the clarity and sharpness of the image

53
New cards

motion

biggest enemy in the production of a good radiograph

54
New cards

blurred

motion results to _______ image that is useless to the radiographer and the radiologist

55
New cards

voluntary

expression of thought through action

56
New cards

involuntary

uncontrolled movement

57
New cards

focal spot

the only part or area on the focal track of the target that is actually hit by the electrons during exposure

58
New cards

small focal spot

used when better spatial resolution is required; ranges from 0.1 to 1mm

59
New cards

large focal spot

used when large body parts are imaged and in techniques that produce high heat are required; ranges from 0.3 to 2mm

60
New cards

distortion

misrepresentation of size and/or shape of the part under study

61
New cards

size distortion

magnification of the part; image becomes larger than its original size

62
New cards

oid/ofd

main controlling factor of size distortion

63
New cards

shape distortion

part under study appears elongated or foreshortened

64
New cards

direct exposure film

designed specifically for use without intensifying screens

65
New cards

direct exposure film

recommended for use with low-risk or low-exposure examinations of thin body parts

66
New cards

thicker

direct exposure film has ______ emulsion due to an increase of SHC

67
New cards

less sensitive

direct exposure film is ________ to light, this means that the fluorescent light from the IS would be less effective

68
New cards

increased

__________ exposure factor is required with the use of direct exposure film

69
New cards

complete contact

to achieve maximum image sharpness, the film and screen must be in _________ across the entire surface of the film

70
New cards

wire mesh screen

film screen contact can be tested using a commercially produced ____________ enclosed in plastic

71
New cards

target-object-film alignment

refers to the correct alignment of your x-ray tube or position of the patient

72
New cards

image distortion

if your object/x-ray tube is misaligned, it will cause ____________

73
New cards

penumbra

unsharpness; thin blurred area around the umbra

74
New cards

umbra

true object recorded on the film

75
New cards

increases

increase in magnification __________ the size of penumbra

76
New cards

inverse

relationship of large focal spot size and recorded detail

77
New cards

direct

relationship of small focal spot size and recorded detail

78
New cards

direct

relationship of oid and magnification

79
New cards

inverse

relationship of sid and magnification

80
New cards

film speed

degree of sensitivity of film to x-ray and light

81
New cards

screen speed

degree of sensitivity to x-ray photons and capability to produce light photon

82
New cards

film screen contact

the space between the cassette and film

83
New cards

motion blur

biggest enemy in the production of radiograph; must be eliminated during exposure

84
New cards

image blur

blurry or fuzzy appearance of the detail due to poor film screen contact

85
New cards

foreshortening

object appears shorter than its actual size

86
New cards

elongation

refers to image that is stretched and appears larger than the actual size

87
New cards

elongated

a cephalad image appears _________

88
New cards

foreshortened

a caudal image appears ___________