Period 7 Timed LEQ Study Guide

Causes of the Spanish American War

• Cuban Independence Movement

  • Cuba wanted freedom from Spain, and the US sympathized because it reminded them of the AR

  • Monroe Doctrine — Europeans shouldn’t be in or try to expand in the Americas

• De Lome Letter

  • Letter from the Spanish ambassador to the US, basically calling the president dumb

• Sinking of the USS Maine

  • Mysteriously exploded off the coast of Cuba

• Yellow journalism

  • Hyped up the explosion of the USS Maine and got Americans excited for war

Effects of the Spanish American War

• Obtained Puerto Rico, the Philippines, Midway, Guam, and Samoa

  • Filipino War (Annexation of the Philippines)

    • US decided to become imperialists

• Informal control over Cuba

  • Didn’t get it as a territory, but basically controlled it

• End of isolationism

  • Annexation of Hawaii

    • Wanted it because it would be a good naval base in the Pacific

Types of foreign policy

• Isolationism

  • Loner

• Collective security

  • Alliances

  • Gives help (money, weapons)

• Internationalism

  • Fighting to help

• Imperialism

  • World bully

  • Direct takeover or protectorate

Why were people for imperialism?

• To “help” weaker countries

• Christianize countries

• National pride

• Control overseas

• More wealth

Who was for imperialism?

• Alfred T. Mahan

• Teddy Roosevelt

• Henry Cabot Lodge

Why were people against imperialism?

• Un-American

  • Goes against values

• Already injustices happening in America, and they should focus on America

• Expensive

• Racist

• Morally wrong

Who was against Imperialism?

• Andrew Carnegie

• Mark Twain

• Samuel Gompers

Causes of America in WWI

• Sinking of the Lusitania

  • Upset America because it was carrying American passengers and Germany sunk it

• Economic interest

  • American banks had loaned money to both the Allies and Central powers, but significantly more to the Allies

  • If the banks wanted their money back, then the Allies would have to win

• Democracy

  • Wilson wanted to support the free people of Europe by making the world “safe for democracy”

• Zimmerman Telegram

  • German telegram meant for Mexico, but intercepted by the British; wanted Mexico to attack the US to keep them from joining WWI and promised that Mexico would get all its land back

Effects of America in WWI

• American Expeditionary Forces

  • Helped to tip the scales in the Allies’ favor

• League of Nations

  • Wilson proposed the League of Nations, but the US never joined because Congress said no, and the US returned to isolationism

• Wilson’s 14 points

  • Free trade

  • No secret alliances

  • Self-determination

  • The League of Nations

Causes and effects of international and internal migration patterns over time

• Official restrictions on freedom of speech grew during World War I (ex. Espionage & Sedition Acts, Schenck v. US), as increased anxiety about radicalism led to a Red Scare (ex. Palmer Raids) and attacks on labor activism and immigrant culture.

• Immigration from Europe reached its peak in the years before World War I. During World War I, nativist campaigns against some ethnic groups led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration, particularly from southern and eastern Europe, and increased barriers to Asian immigration.

• The increased demand for war production and labor during World War I led many Americans to migrate to urban centers in search of economic opportunities.

• In the Great Migration during and after World War I, African Americans escaping segregation, racial violence, and limited economic opportunity in the South (ex. Jim Crow laws, poll taxes, literacy tests) moved to the North and West, where they found new opportunities but still encountered discrimination (ex. race riots, Tulsa Massacre).

• By 1920, a majority of the U.S. population lived in urban centers, which offered new economic opportunities for women (nursing, clerking, teaching) , international migrants, and internal migrants.

• After World War I, nativist campaigns against some ethnic groups led to the passage of quotas that restricted immigration, particularly from southern and eastern Europe, and increased barriers to Asian immigration.

Explain the causes and effects of the innovations in communication and technology in the United States over time.

• New technologies and manufacturing techniques (ex. Henry Ford's assembly line, Frederick Taylor's scientific management) helped focus the U.S. economy on the production of consumer goods, contributing to improved standards of living, greater personal mobility, and better communications systems (ex. AUTOMOBILES, refrigerators, laundry machines).

• New forms of mass media, (ex. radio, cinema, advertising) contributed to the spread of national culture as well as greater awareness of regional cultures. (ex. rural fundamentalism, Harlem Renaissance)

Explain the causes and effects of developments in popular culture in the United States over time

• Migration gave rise to new forms of art and literature that expressed ethnic and regional identities (ex. Harlem Renaissance movement, jazz, Lost Generation)

• In the 1920s, cultural and political controversies emerged as Americans debated gender roles, modernism, science, religion, and issues related to race and immigration. (ex. flappers, rejection of sexual taboos, urban modernists vs. rural fundamentalists, Scopes Trial)