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John B. Watson
Founder of behaviorism, emphasizing study of observable behavior.
Ivan Pavlov
Discovered respondent (classical) conditioning with dogs.
B.F. Skinner
Introduced operant conditioning and published The Behavior of Organisms.
Baer, Wolf, & Risley
Defined the seven dimensions of ABA in their landmark paper.
Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)
Basic lab research on reinforcement and behavior introduced by Skinner (1938) in The Behavior of Organisms.
Seven Dimensions of ABA
Applied, Behavioral, Analytic, Technological, Conceptually Systematic, Effective, Generality.
Applied Dimension
Example: brushing teeth.
Behavioral Dimension
Example: count words spoken.
Analytic Dimension
Example: graph shows intervention effect.
Effective Dimension
Example: tantrums reduced.
Generality Dimension
Example: skills carry over across settings.
Social Validity
Importance of goals, procedures, and outcomes.
High Social Validity Example
Teaching money skills.
Low Social Validity Example
Balancing books on head.
Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention (EIBI)
Developed by Lovaas (1987) for autism.
Applications of ABA
Includes autism therapy, classroom token systems, mental health phobia treatment, workplace safety via OBM.
Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)
Science of understanding and improving socially significant behavior.
Goals of Science in Behavior Analysis
Description, Prediction, Control.
Description in Behavior Analysis
Define and record behavior in detail.
Prediction in Behavior Analysis
Recognize when behavior is likely to occur.
Control in Behavior Analysis
Reliably change behavior by manipulating conditions.
Philosophical Foundations of ABA
Includes Determinism, Empiricism, Replication, Parsimony.
Determinism
Behavior has lawful causes.
Empiricism
Objective observation.
Replication
Results must repeat.
Parsimony
Simplest explanation first.
Philosophic Doubt
Always question findings.
Respondent Conditioning
Learning in which behavior is elicited by antecedent stimuli (Pavlov, 1906).
Operant Conditioning
Learning in which behavior is influenced by its consequences (Skinner, 1938).
Applied
Focus on socially important behaviors that improve daily life.
Behavioral
Targets observable, measurable behavior.
Analytic
Demonstrates experimental control (the intervention caused the change).
Technological
Procedures written clearly so others can replicate them.
Conceptually Systematic
Interventions grounded in established behavioral principles.
Effective
Interventions that produce meaningful behavior change.
Generality
Behavior changes that last over time, across settings, and transfer to other behaviors.
Ivar Lovaas (1987)
Pioneered early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for autism.
Behavior
Anything an organism does that can be observed and measured.
Description
Identifying and recording behavior and events.
Prediction
Anticipating behavior based on consistent relationships.
Control
Demonstrating a functional relation by showing interventions cause behavior change.
Experimentation
Systematic testing of variables to identify effects on behavior.