Thorax and respiratory system

What are the components of the thorax?

Sternum

12 pairs of ribs

Costal cartilage

What are the features of the Manubrium?

Jugular notch

Clavicular notch, site of sternoclaviclaur joint

Sternal angle, attachment to second rib and sternal body

What are the features of the sternal body?

Attachment for ribs 3 to 7

What are the features of the xiphoid process?

Attachments to the diaphragm and abdominal muscles

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Saddle type synovial joint

What are the movements of the sternoclavicular joint?

Elevation and depression

Protraction and retraction

What are the true ribs?

Ribs 1 to 7 directly attach to costal cartilage to sternum

What are the false ribs?

Ribs 8 to 10 indirectly attach to costal cartilage to sternum

What are floating ribs?

Ribs 11 and 12 not attached to the sternum

What are the attachments of typical ribs?

Anterior attachment to sternum

Head attaches to demifacets of vertebral bodies

Articular facet of tubercule attaches to transverse process

What are atypical features specific to rib 1?

Shorter and wider

One facet articulating with T1

Grooves for subclavian artery and vein

What are atypical features specific to rib 2?

Tuberosity functioning as muscle origin

What are atypical features specific to rib 10?

One facet articulating with T10

What are atypical features specific to rib 11 and 12?

No neck or tubercule

One facet articulating with matching vertebrae

What is the origin of the diaphragm?

Sternum

Ribs 6 to 12

Lumbar vertebrae

What is the insertion of the diaphragm?

Central tendon

What are the movements of the diaphragm?

Compression and expansion of the thoracic cavity

What is the insertion of the external intercostal muscles?

Ribs superior to each intercostal muscle

What is the insertion of the external intercostal muscles?

Ribs inferior to each intercostal muscle

What is the movement of the external intercostal muscles?

Elevation of the ribs and thoracic cavity for inhalation

What is the origin of the internal intercostal muscles?

Ribs inferior to each intercostal muscle

What is the origin of the internal intercostal muscles?

Ribs superior to each intercostal muscle

What is the movement of the internal intercostal muscles?

Brings ribs closer together causing forced exhalation

What are the four ossification centres of the sternum in utero?

Manubrium

First sternal segment

Second sternal segment

Third sternal segment

What is the age of xiphoid process ossification?

3

What is the age of sternal body ossification?

Puberty to completion at 25