[01.21a] PED - Child Abuse and Protection Topics (Part 1) V2.pdf

Any person below 18 years

What is the definition of a child according to Article 1 of the UNCRC?

Any person below 18 or over 18 but unable to protect self due to a physical or mental disability or condition

How does Philippine Law RA 7610 define a child?

Rights-holders

How are children viewed under the UNCRC instead of just as dependents or extensions of adults?

Developmental immaturity, dependence on adults, limited legal capacity, and increased vulnerability

What are four reasons children have a separate rights framework?

1989

In what year was the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child created?

Evolving capacities

Besides dependence, what childhood reality led to the creation of the UNCRC?

Aligning domestic laws, policies, and institutions with the convention

By ratifying the UNCRC, what did the Philippines commit to?

Non-discrimination

Which UNCRC principle ensures all children enjoy rights equally regardless of status?

Best Interests of the Child

Which principle requires that children's welfare be a primary consideration in all decisions affecting them?

Right to Life, Survival, and Development

Which principle obliges the state to support a child's holistic growth?

Respect for the views of the child

Which principle recognizes children as active participants whose opinions must be heard?

Age and maturity

According to the UNCRC, the weight given to a child's views depends on what two factors?

54

How many articles does the UNCRC contain?

Survival and development, Protection, and Participation

What are the three broad categories the UNCRC articles are subdivided into for real-world application?

Survival and development rights

Which category includes rights to health, identity, education, and an adequate standard of living?

Protection rights

Which category reflects the state's obligation to protect children from all forms of harm?

Participation rights

Which category recognize children as rights holders entitled to receive information and enjoy privacy?

Existence and physical well-being

Survival rights focus on conditions necessary for a child's continued what?

Health professionals

For whom are survival rights often the most intuitive because medical needs make the right to life visible?

Preventive and promotive care

Besides treating acute illness, survival rights are equally present in what other types of care?

Immunization, nutrition, newborn screening, and adolescent healthcare

What are four examples of preventive or promotive care mentioned?

Cost, distance, fear, discrimination, and systems barriers

What are five examples of barriers that can make survival rights unreachable for some?

Preventable conditions

If a child presents with what, should the clinician ask if survival rights are being fulfilled by the system?

Reach their full potential

Development rights ensure that children are supported to do what?

Education, play, cultural participation, and access to information

What are the four conditions needed for cognitive, emotional, social, and cultural development?

Health literacy and future opportunities

What two things does education influence later in life?

Neurodevelopment, emotional regulation, and social competence

Play is essential for what three aspects of child development?

Mental well-being

What do culture and identity specifically support in a child?

Informed, heard, and treated with dignity

Participation rights ensure children are what three things?

Active participants

Participation recognizes children as what, instead of passive recipients of care?

Article 12

Which UNCRC article focuses on the principle that children's views matter?

Agency

Besides trust and respect, what does participation build in rights-based practice?

Independently remove themselves from harm

Protection rights exist because children cannot do what?

Physical, legal, social, and economic

Children lack what four types of power to avoid danger or seek help?

Systemic duty and accountability

Child protection is a matter of what, rather than child resilience?

Families, schools, healthcare, social services, and justice system

The state's protection duty extends across what five areas?

Article 19

Which article protects children from all forms of violence, neglect, and exploitation?

Parents, guardians, or any person responsible

Article 19 protection applies while the child is in the care of whom?

Structural gaps

Rights are often compromised through what, instead of just intentional harm or abuse?

Limited resources, inaccessible services, institutional barriers, and poor coordination

What are four examples of structural gaps?

Respect, Protect, and Fulfill

What are the three specific obligations of the State?

Respect

Which obligation requires the state to refrain from actions that interfere with rights?

Protect

Which obligation requires measures to prevent third parties from violating rights?

Fulfill

Which obligation requires adopting laws, policies, and systems to enable rights?

RA 7610

Which law covers the special protection of children against abuse and exploitation?

RA 9262

What is the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004?

RA 10627

What is the Anti-Bullying Act?

RA 11930

What is the Anti-Online Sexual Abuse or Exploitation of Children Act?

16 years

What is the age of sexual consent according to RA 11648?

Child Protection Network or CPN

What non-government organization strengthens child protection systems in the Philippines through multidisciplinary services?

Expanding access to services

What is the primary role of the CPN regarding hospital and community systems?

Standardize care

The CPN works alongside government agencies to do what regarding child protection?

Protected from abuse and neglect

What is the CPN vision for all children in the Philippines?

Compassion and competence

What two qualities are mentioned in the CPN mission for serving every abused child?

Excellence, integrity, collaboration, leadership, and humility

What are the five guiding principles of the CPN?

Medical and Psychosocial Care, Child Safety and Legal Protection, National Network of WCPUs, National Center for Education, Research and Database

What are the five core pillars of the CPN?

Trauma-informed and child-sensitive

What approach is used for delivering medical and psychosocial care?

A process

The trauma-informed approach recognizes that healing is a what, rather than a single encounter?

Best interest of the child

What guides children's interactions with justice systems according to the second pillar?

Linking WCPUs across the country

The National Network of WCPUs ensures accessibility by doing what?

Shared standards and a common rights-based framework

What do professionals from different sectors use to work together in the National Center for Education?

Empathy and expertise

Protection specialty training prepares frontliners to manage complex cases with what two things?

6950

As of 2024, approximately how many people have completed the CPN online training?

Evidence-based

The Research pillar ensures child protection remains what?

The child

Who is at the center of the CPN coordinated system of care?

Tiered system

How is the organization of Women and Children Protection Units categorized?

Core capacity

Each level of WCPU is expected to manage cases within its mandated what?

Specialized diagnostics, multidisciplinary resources, and complex case support

What are three additional capabilities of higher level WCPUs?

A systems problem

Child protection is not just an individual issue, it is a what?

Maltreatment

Under RA 7610, child abuse refers to what, whether habitual or not?

Intrinsic worth and dignity

Abuse includes any act by deeds or words that debases, degrades, or demeans what?

Unreasonable deprivation

What term describes withholding basic needs for survival like food and shelter?

Immediate medical treatment

Failure to provide what to an injured child constitutes abuse if it causes impairment or death?

Physical, Sexual, Emotional/Psychological, and Neglect

What are the four primary forms of child abuse?

80 percent

What percentage of Filipino women and children aged 13 to 24 experienced violence?

One in five

What is the prevalence of sexual abuse for Filipino children?

One in three

What is the prevalence of psychological and physical violence for Filipino children?

264.6 percent

How much did OSAEC cases increase during the 2020 enhanced community quarantine?

14348

How many violence against children cases were reported by WCPUs in 2024?

Sexual abuse (68 percent) and physical abuse (12 percent)

What were the top two types of abuse reported in 2024?

13 to 15 years old

In which age group is sexual abuse most commonly seen?

Transitioning to adult form and thinking part of brain is not yet developed

What two reasons are given for high abuse in the 13 to 15 age group?

Girls

In which sex is sexual abuse more common?

Boys

In which sex is physical abuse more common?

Police

Who is the primary source of referral for children evaluated in the WCPU?

Schools

Which institution rarely reports abuse cases according to referral stats?

Socio-Ecological Model

What model is used for understanding violence as an interaction of multiple factors?

Special needs, age under 4, mental health problems, and alcohol/substance abuse

What are four individual-level risk factors?

Young age, low education, single parenthood, and low income

What are four parental risk factors?

Poor parenting, absent mothers (OFW), and marital discord

What are three relationship-level risk factors?

Poverty, crime, and easy availability of alcohol

What are three community-level risk factors?

Gender inequality, weak rule of law, and cultural norms that support violence

What are three society-level risk factors?

Agency, sense of purpose, and self-regulation

What are three individual-level protective factors?

Parenting competencies and nurturing attachment

What are two relationship-level protective factors?

Stable living situation

What is one community-level protective factor?

Violence-free culture and laws promoting equality

What are two society-level protective factors?

Repeated patterns of damaging interactions

How is emotional or psychological abuse defined?

Requires no physical contact

What is a key physical distinction of emotional or psychological abuse?

Omission and commission

Emotional abuse includes acts of both what?

Spurning

Which emotional abuse behavior involves belittling, public humiliation, or attacking self-worth?