phonetics + phonology : introduction to english linguistics + grammar

voiceless sounds

/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /θ/ /s/ /ʃ/ /h/

voiced sounds : consonants

[b] [d] [ɡ] [v] [ð] [z] [ʒ] [ǀ] [r] [m] [n] [ɳ]

major places of articulation : bilabial

[p] [m] [b] [w]

manner of articulation grouoed by place : bilabial

[p]= bilabial plosive

[b]= bilabial plosive

[m]= bilabial nasal

[w]= bilabial approximant

manner of articulation grouped by place : labiodentals

[f]= labiodental fricative

[v]= labiodental fricative

manner of articulation grouped by place : interdentals

[θ]= labiodental fricative

[ð]= labiodental fricative

manner of articulation grouped by place : alveolar

[ǀ]= alveolar laternal approximant

[n] = alveolar nasal

[s]= alveolar fricative

[t]= alveolar plosive

[d]= alveolar plosive

[z] = alveolar fricative

places of articulation : labio dentals

[f] [v]

interdentals : place of articulation

[θ] [ð]

alveolar : place of articulation

[lnstdz]

palato- alveolar : place of articukation

[r ʃ ʒ]

velar : place of articulation

[k ɡ ŋ]

palatal: place of articulation

[j]

glottal : place of articulation

[h]

manner of articulation : plosives

[p b t d k ɡ]

nasal : manner of articulation

[n m ŋ]

fricatives : manner of articulation

[f v s z θ ð ʃ ʒ h]

approximants : manner of articulation

[ w j r]

manner of articulation grouped by place : palato alveolar

[ʒ]= palato alveolar fricative

[ ʃ ]= palato alveolar fricative

[r]= palato alveolar approximant

manner of articulation grouoed by place : palatal

[ j ] = palatal approximant

manner of articulation grouped by place : velar

[k]= velar plosive

[ɡ]= velar plosive

[ŋ]= velar nasal

manner of articulation with voiced - voiceless pair : plosives

[p]= bilabial = voiceless

[b]= bilabial = voiced

[t]= alveolar = voiceless

[d]= alveolar = voiced

[k]= velar = voiceless

[ɡ]= velar = voiced

manner of articulation with voice- voiceless pairs : fricatives

[f]= labiodental= voiceless

[v]= labiodental= voiced

[θ]= interdental= voiceless

[ð]= interdental= voiced

[s]= alveolar= voiceless

[z]= alveolar= voiced

[ʃ]= palato alveolar= voiceless

[ʒ]= palato- alveolar= voiced

manner of articulation with voiced- voiced pair : nasals

[n]= alveolar = voiced

[ŋ]= velar = voiced

[m]= bilabial = voiced

manner with voiced - voiced pair : approximant

[w] = bilabial = voiceless

[r]= palato- alveolar = voiceless

[ j ]= palatal = voiced

[ l ] = alveolar = voiced

[w] articulation

[w] = want / way / where

[m] articulation

[m]= my / money / lamb

[p] articulation

[p]= pull / stop / apple

[b] articulation

[b] = bet / about / beer

[f] articulation

[f] = fish / food

[v] articulation

[v] = vote / vow / observer

[θ] articulation

[ θ ] = earth / thigh / throw

[ ð] articulation

[ ð ] = there / they / bathe

[ l ] articulation

[ l ] = pull / love / rule

[ n ] articulation

[ n ] = nurse / green / grin

[ s ] articulation

[ s ] = stop / sit / fast

[ t ]

[ t ] = tree / stop /

[ d ] articulation

[ d ] = door / food

[ z ] articulation

[ z ] = observer / noise / president

[ r ]

[ r ] = rule

[ ʃ ] articulation

[ ʃ ] = sure / shoe / fish

[ ʒ ] artciulation

[ ʒ ] = casual / measure / pleasure

[ j ] articulation

[ j ] = year / yes / yellow