neurotransmitters

Acetylcholine

is involved in muscle contraction, learning, and memory. It also plays a role in the autonomic nervous system, where it can be either excitatory or inhibitory.

Dopamine

is associated with pleasure, reward, motivation, and motor control. It plays a critical role in the brain's reward system and is implicated in conditions like Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia.

Serotonin

is involved in regulating mood, appetite, and sleep. It also has an impact on various emotional and behavioural functions.

Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

is associated with the
"fight or flight" response. It affects alertness, arousal, and mood regulation.

autonomic nervous system

Glutamate

is the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is involved in learning, memory, and overall brain function.

Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)

is the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain. It helps regulate anxiety, sleep, and overall neural excitability.

Histamine

plays a role in the immune response and acts as a neurotransmitter in the brain, where it is involved in regulating wakefulness and alertness.

Endorphins

• are natural painkillers and mood enhancers. They are released in response to stress and pain and contribute to feelings of wellbeing and even euphoria.

Oxytocin

• is often referred to as the "love hormone" or "bonding hormone." It plays a role in social bonding, trust, and maternal-infant attachment.

Adenosine

• involved in regulating sleep and promoting relaxation. It accumulates in the brain over the course of the day, contributing to the sleep-wake cycle.