Human Geography Flashcards

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Flashcards about Human Geography

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29 Terms

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Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait through the migration of people.

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Contagious Diffusion

The rapid spread of a cultural trait from its hearth through direct contact.

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Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait from interconnected places or from the most powerful/wealthy people to others.

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Stimulus Diffusion

When a cultural trait spreads, but is altered or modified because of barriers, taboos, or cultural differences.

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Cultural Relativism

An unbiased way of viewing another culture.

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Syncretism

The blending of cultural traits from 2 or more cultures to create a new cultural practice of tradition.

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Language Family

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor.

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Lingua Franca

A language used for communication between groups of people who speak different native languages, often for trade or diplomacy.

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Endangered/Extinct Language

A language at risk of becoming extinct, no living native speakers.

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Universalizing Religion

A religion that actively seeks converts to its faith, regardless of ethnic background.

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Ethnic Religion

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers.

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Nation-State

A state where the borders of a nation match the borders of a state.

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Stateless Nation

Nations of people that live in more than one state.

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Multinational State

A country with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders.

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Sovereignty

The right of a government to control and defend its territory and determine what happens with its borders.

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Colonialism

The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures in order to control and influence other countries.

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Decolonization

The process by which colonies become independent from the colonizing country.

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EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)

  • 12 nautical miles from coastlines - complete sovereignty over the water and airspace

  • 200 nautical miles - a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources

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1st Agricultural Revolution

The origin of farming and the first domestication of plants and animals around 10,000 years ago.

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2nd Agricultural Revolution

1750, characterized by crop rotation, transportation improvements, and new markets.

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Green Revolution

  • 1950s-1960s

  • Development of higher-yielding, disease resistant, faster-growing varieties of grains, double cropping, increased use of fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation techniques, and machinery

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Shifting Cultivation

A type of extensive subsistence agriculture in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia.

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Nomadic Herding

A type of extensive subsistence agriculture in Northern Africa, Southwest Asia, Central and East Asia.

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Plantation Agriculture

A type of intensive commercial agriculture in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Southeast Asia.

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Dairy Farming

A type of intensive commercial agriculture in Northern US, Canada, Europe, Russia, China, India, and Brazil.

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Market Gardening

A type of intensive commercial agriculture in Southeastern US, California, and Southeastern Australia.

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Desertification

The degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas due to human activities and climate change.

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Squatter Settlement

A household that cannot provide one of the following: durable housing, sufficient living space, safe, affordable water, and adequate sanitation.

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Globalization and language

Leads to rise of global languages or the potential decline of smaller, regional languages.