Human Geography Flashcards

Flashcards about Human Geography

Relocation Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait through the migration of people.

Contagious Diffusion

The rapid spread of a cultural trait from its hearth through direct contact.

Hierarchical Diffusion

The spread of a cultural trait from interconnected places or from the most powerful/wealthy people to others.

Stimulus Diffusion

When a cultural trait spreads, but is altered or modified because of barriers, taboos, or cultural differences.

Cultural Relativism

An unbiased way of viewing another culture.

Syncretism

The blending of cultural traits from 2 or more cultures to create a new cultural practice of tradition.

Language Family

A collection of languages related through a common ancestor.

Lingua Franca

A language used for communication between groups of people who speak different native languages, often for trade or diplomacy.

Endangered/Extinct Language

A language at risk of becoming extinct, no living native speakers.

Universalizing Religion

A religion that actively seeks converts to its faith, regardless of ethnic background.

Ethnic Religion

Belief traditions that emphasize strong cultural characteristics among their followers.

Nation-State

A state where the borders of a nation match the borders of a state.

Stateless Nation

Nations of people that live in more than one state.

Multinational State

A country with various ethnicities and cultures within its borders.

Sovereignty

The right of a government to control and defend its territory and determine what happens with its borders.

Colonialism

The use of economic, political, cultural, or other pressures in order to control and influence other countries.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies become independent from the colonizing country.

EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone)

• 12 nautical miles from coastlines - complete sovereignty over the water and airspace

• 200 nautical miles - a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources

1st Agricultural Revolution

The origin of farming and the first domestication of plants and animals around 10,000 years ago.

2nd Agricultural Revolution

1750, characterized by crop rotation, transportation improvements, and new markets.

Green Revolution

• 1950s-1960s

• Development of higher-yielding, disease resistant, faster-growing varieties of grains, double cropping, increased use of fertilizer, pesticide, irrigation techniques, and machinery

Shifting Cultivation

A type of extensive subsistence agriculture in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia.

Nomadic Herding

A type of extensive subsistence agriculture in Northern Africa, Southwest Asia, Central and East Asia.

Plantation Agriculture

A type of intensive commercial agriculture in Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and South and Southeast Asia.

Dairy Farming

A type of intensive commercial agriculture in Northern US, Canada, Europe, Russia, China, India, and Brazil.

Market Gardening

A type of intensive commercial agriculture in Southeastern US, California, and Southeastern Australia.

Desertification

The degradation of land in arid, semi-arid, and dry sub-humid areas due to human activities and climate change.

Squatter Settlement

A household that cannot provide one of the following: durable housing, sufficient living space, safe, affordable water, and adequate sanitation.

Globalization and language

Leads to rise of global languages or the potential decline of smaller, regional languages.