business (chapter 2)

internal communication

the exchange of information within an organization, involving employees and management to ensure clarity and cohesion in operations.

external communication

the sharing of information between an organization and external parties, such as customers, suppliers, and the public, to build relationships and promote brand awareness.

The effect of poor communication

can lead to misunderstandings, decreased productivity, cost rise, damaged relationships, and overall inefficiency within an organization.

advantages of face-to-face communication

allows immediate feedback, encourages cooperation, allow new idea to be generated, saves time

disadvantages of face-to-face communication

Negative body language may create a barrier, a record of the massage may not be kept, Non-relevant information may be included

written communication (Letters)

A form of communication that involves sending messages through written text, which provides a permanent record and allows for careful consideration of content, though it may lack immediacy and personal interaction.

advantages of using electronic communicartion

includes speed, accessibility, and the ability to easily share files and documents.

disadvantages of using electronic communication

may include misinterpretation of messages, lack of personal touch, and reliance on technology that may fail.

The problem of ineffective communication in a business

can lead to misunderstandings, decreased productivity, and damaged relationships among employees and clients that can result in financial losses and hinder organizational success.

The importance of training employees

is crucial for ensuring that all staff members understand communication tools and processes, which enhances overall organizational effectiveness and minimizes errors.

induction training

is a type of training provided to new employees to help them understand workplace policies, culture, and their specific roles within the organization.

on-the-job training

is a practical training method that occurs in the actual work environment, allowing employees to learn by performing their job duties under the guidance of experienced colleagues.

advantages of on-the-job training

include direct application of skills, immediate feedback from supervisors, and the opportunity to learn in a real work context.

disadvantages of on-the-job training

may include inconsistent training quality, potential disruption to workflow, and the risk of injury if not properly supervised.

advantages of off-the-job training

include structured learning environments, access to specialized instructors, and the opportunity for networking with peers, customers and others are not put at risk.

disadvantages of off-the-job training

some aspects of work cannot be taught off-the-job, participants may miss out on practical experience, and there can be high costs associated with external training.

benefits of trainig

improving labor flexibility, improving job satisfaction and motivation, training for promotion

limitations of training

can include high costs, time away from work, potential for information overload, employees leaving , and variability in training quality.

why is employee motivation important in a business

Employee motivation is crucial for enhancing productivity, reducing turnover, and fostering a positive workplace culture. Motivated employees are more engaged, which leads to improved performance and overall business success.

how can business influence motivatuion

Businesses can influence motivation through recognition, providing career development opportunities, developing a positive work environment, and offering competitive compensation and benefits.

what is Taylor’s theory of scientific management

Taylor's theory of scientific management is an approach that analyzes workflow to improve efficiency and productivity in organizations. It emphasizes standardization of tasks, division of labor, and careful selection and training of workers.

how to motivate employees through promotion

Promoting employees can enhance motivation by recognizing their achievements and providing opportunities for career advancement, leading to increased job satisfaction and commitment to the organization.

motivating employees through fringe benefits

(perks) over and above the normal wage and salary. for instance, company car free counselling services, health insurance, or retirement plans that can enhance employee satisfaction and retention.

job rotation used to motivate employees

a practice where employees are moved between different tasks or roles to promote skill variety and prevent monotony. This approach can increase engagement and job satisfaction by providing new challenges and learning opportunities.

job enrichment to motivate employees

a strategy that involves increasing the depth of a job by adding responsibilities and opportunities for personal growth, allowing employees to take ownership of their work and enhancing overall job satisfaction.

autonomy to motivate employees

the degree of freedom and independence an employee has in their job to make decisions and manage their work. This empowerment can lead to increased motivation, creativity, and job satisfaction.

chain of command

the line of authority and responsibility within an organization that dictates how decisions are made and communicated. It establishes clear reporting relationships and helps maintain order in operations. a

span of control

number of people a person is directly responsible for in a business

centralization

the extent to which decision-making authority is concentrated at the top levels of an organization. In a centralized structure, lower levels have limited discretion and must adhere to decisions made by higher management.

decentralization

the distribution of decision-making authority at various levels of an organization, allowing lower-level managers and employees more autonomy in their roles.

centralized - advantages

Senior management has complete control over resources, coordination and control is easier, and decisions can be made quickly without consulting lower levels.

centralized - disadvantages

Employees may be demotivated without any authority. It brings less creativity and fewer ideas. Procedures may be needed to make decision making easier.

decentralized - advantage

Workers have autonomy and may be better motivated. It speeds up decision making. It takes pressure off senior managers by reducing their workload. Workers get the opportunity to be creative and share their ideas.

decentralized - disadvantage

Senior managers may lose control of resources. Costs may be higher owing to less standardization and more variability in decision-making processes. Some employees may not have the ability to make decisions. Some employees may not welcome the extra responsibility.

tasks carried out by the human resources

department include recruitment, training, employee relations, and performance management. They also handle compensation, benefits administration, compliance with labor laws, and workforce planning.

tasks carried out by finance department

wages and salaries, recording transaction, financial reporting, budgeting, and managing investments.

market orientated

A business approach that focuses on identifying and meeting the needs and preferences of customers. This strategy involves conducting market research and adapting products or services to enhance customer satisfaction and drive sales.

Tasks carried by the marketing department

include market research, advertising, sales promotion, branding, pricing, packaging, and customer relationship management.

tasks carried out by the production department

include production planning, quality control, inventory management, scheduling, and ensuring efficient manufacturing processes.